Jazzin’up nodules:The groovy role of jasmonic acid during nodulation

Unlike in animals,intracellular bacterial infections in plants are rare.The arguably best-studied cases of such infections are the symbiotic relations between a limited number of plant species and nitrogen-fixing bacteria(van Velzen et al.,2019;Roy et al.,2020).In these symbioses,microbes are hosted intracellularly to provide optimized symbiotic conditions and facilitate a controlled exchange of nutrients.Notably,although bacteria are kept in the cytoplasm,they are surrounded by a plant-derived membrane and thus are never in direct contact with the cytosol of the plant cell(Roy et al.,2020).