公平视角下南京市栖霞区“银发”服务设施空间配置现状及优化研究

Situation and Optimization of Spatial Configuration of Silver-Haired Service Facilities in Qixia District,Nanjing from the Perspective of Equity

人口老龄化是社会热点问题之一,在老年友好城市建设目标导向下,“银发”服务设施配置合理性是提升老龄人口幸福感和社会公平的重要内容。该文将“银发”服务设施分为养老福利设施、文化服务设施和医疗服务设施(包含综合医院和卫生院),以养老服务示范性城区南京市栖霞区为例,评价老年人口需求与“银发”服务设施空间配置的匹配性,并立足供需均衡视角,利用位置分配模型优化“银发”服务设施空间布局。结果表明:①栖霞区“银发”服务设施步行可达性整体较差,平均10 min以内步行可达最近设施的居民点数量仅占全区的18.60%,车行可达性较好,均在15 min内;②栖霞区“银发”服务设施空间配置的公平性仍待改善,综合医院空间分布的公平性低于养老福利设施、文化服务设施和卫生院,大多数“银发”服务设施供需比小于0,无过高供需比设施,设施服务压力较小;③利用位置分配模型对不同街道“银发”服务设施空间布局进行优化后,各类设施平均步行时间超过30 min的居民点数量减少12.41%,车行可达时间均小于10 min,2500 m服务半径下养老福利设施和综合医院服务覆盖率较优化前显著增加。研究结论可为满足老龄人口需求、推动地区高质量发展提供科学依据。

Population aging has always been one of the hot issues concerned by the society.Under the guidance of the construction goal of age-friendly cities,the rational allocation of silver-haired service facilities is an important content to improve the happiness of the elderly people and social equity.This paper categorizes silver-haired service facilities into three main types:elderly welfare facilities,cultural service facilities,and medical service facilities(including general hospitals and health centers).Taking the exemplary eldercare demonstration area of Qixia District in Nanjing as a case study,the paper evaluates the match between the need of elderly people and the spatial configuration of silver-haired service facilities.From the perspective of supply and demand equilibrium,the paper uses the location allocation model to optimize the spatial layout of silver-haired service facilities.The results are shown as follows.①The walking accessibility of silver-haired service facilities in Qixia District is poor on the whole,and only 18.60%of the residential areas are within 10 minutes walking distance from the nearest facilities.The driving accessibility to silver-haired service facilities is good,and the driving time from each residential area to the nearest facility service point is within 15 minutes.②The fairness of spatial allocation of silver-haired service facilities in Qixia District still needs to be improved,and the fairness of general hospital spatial distribution is lower than that of other three types of facilities,namely elderly welfare facilities,cultural services and health centers.Under the specified suitable service radius of facilities,the supply and demand ratio of most silver-haired service facilities in Qixia District is less than 0,and there is no high supply and demand ratio facilities,indicating that the pressure of service facilities is small.③The location allocation model is used to optimize the spatial layout of silver-haired service facilities in different sub-districts.After optimization,the number of residential areas with average walking time of more than 30 minutes is reduced by 12.41%,and the driving reach time is less than 10 minutes.Service coverage rate of elderly welfare facilities and general hospitals under the service radius of 2500 m will increase significantly.The conclusions of this study can provide a scientific basis for meeting the needs of the elderly population and promoting the high-quality development of the region.