基于“天地-根叶”释读逻辑的山西雁北民居大门面叶造型研究

Study on the Gate Hardware of the Front Door of Shanxi Yanbei Region Dwelling Houses Based on the Interpretation Logic of"Sky and Earth-Root and Leaf"

山西雁北民居装饰文化是在明代军屯与洪洞迁民的人口地理变迁下所形成的。百姓通过大门金属面叶祈愿“殷实多子,福寿绵长”,其造型寓意是对晋商文化的艺术诠释。田野调查对雁北民居大门面叶造型与构图进行整理,依据所在门上位置可分为两侧面叶、锁底衬叶与门底面叶三个部分。根据面叶端部造型做分类梳理,对叶身承载纹样寓意做描述,总结出面叶纹样的顺序与寓意包含有“天地-根叶”的经纬释读逻辑。面叶是民居的“老物件”,恒久记录民居乡土文化,是地方五金工艺美术的物质遗存,是金属浮雕的美学呈现。其可表达区域乡土建筑的文化差异,是新旧乡村不变的住俗传承。

The decorative culture of local-style dwelling houses in Yanbei Region,Shanxi Province,was formed under the demographic and geographical changes of the military garrisons and Hongdong migrants in the Ming Dynasty.The common people prayed for"rich and many children,long life and happiness"through the gate hardware,and its moral was an artistic interpretation of the Jin merchant culture.According to the field survey,the shape and layout of the hardware of the gate of Yanbei local-style house are sorted out.According to the position of the hardware on the gate,it can be divided into three parts:the side hardware,the lock bottom lining hardware and the bottom hardware.According to the shape of the head of the hardware,we sort out the meaning of patterns on the hardware,and summarize that the order and meaning of the hardware patterns include the longitude and latitude interpretation logic of"sky and earth-root and leaf".Gate hardware are the"old object"of local-style dwelling houses.It records the early local culture,and is the expression of local hardware arts and crafts,just like the aesthetic presentation of metal reliefs.It can show the cultural differences of regional vernacular architecture,and is the invariable decoration inheritance of new and old villages.