基于“人与生物圈”保护理念的甘肃兴隆山保护区管理有效性评估

Management effectiveness assessment of Gansu Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve based on Man and the Biosphere Conservation concepts

自然保护地管理有效性评估是实现保护目标的重要手段。基于管理、生态和社会经济等多维度进行的自然保护地管理有效性评估有助于优化自然保护地的设计和管理,从而满足不断发展的需求。基于世界生物圈保护区十年评估构建自然保护地管理有效性评估框架及指标体系,以青藏高原东北缘的甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区为研究对象开展了管理有效性评估及分析。结果表明,兴隆山自然保护区管理有效性评分为82.68分,其管理有效性较高,但仍存在需要改进的问题。在管理基础、生态有效性、保护职能、发展职能和治理职能5项评估内容中,保护职能得分率最高(89.12%),发展职能得分率最低(78.72%)。护林员对基础设施与人员配置的评分显著较低;周边社区对经济发展、社区治理等指标评分显著较低。兴隆山自然保护区的管理主要存在资金保障问题,其管理实践受预算限制且收入与创收能力均较低,社区治理发展程度较低,科研能力和性别平等方面也存在不足。在未来的自然保护地管理中,建议兴隆山自然保护区等青藏高原东北缘区域的自然保护地加强社区治理、扩大资金来源、并积极建立自然保护地网络,政府也应从未来资金方面提供自然保护地与科研单位建立长期合作关系的支持,切实提高保护水平与管理有效性。

The assessment of protected area management effectiveness is an important approach to achieving conservation goals.The management effectiveness should be assessed from multiple dimensions,including protected area management,ecology,and socioeconomic system,which could optimize the design and management of protected areas to meet their evolving demands.Based on the framework of the World Biosphere Reserves Decade Assessment,this study established a framework and index system for assessing the management effectiveness of Gansu Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve that located in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau.The results showed that the final score for management effectiveness of Xinglongshan Nature Reserve was 82.68,indicating relatively high effectiveness,but there were still some issues.Among the five evaluation criteria—management foundation,ecological effectiveness,protection function,development function,and logistic function—the protection function received the highest scoring average(89.12%),while the development function received the lowest scoring average(78.72%).The scores for infrastructure and personnel allocation of rangers were significantly low,and the scores for development and governance in surrounding communities were also significantly low.The main issues identified in Xinglongshan included limited budget constraints and poor revenue generation for ensuring funding,inadequate number of rangers with low income,low level of community governance,as well as insufficient research capacity and gender equality.In the future management,it is recommended that protected areas like Xinglongshan Nature Reserve in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau strengthen community governance,expand funding sources,and actively establish a network of natural reserves.The government should also provide support for establishing long⁃term partnerships between protected areas and research institutions in terms of future funding,thereby effectively enhancing the level of protection and management effectiveness.