综合生态系统管理的生态阈值理论研究进展

Research and prospect of ecological threshold theory for integrated ecosystem management

生态阈值是指生态系统结构、属性或功能在一定时间或空间尺度上从一个稳定状态向另一个稳定状态发生转变的突变点,常作为综合生态系统管理的关键性指标。深入了解其概念原理,对生态系统综合管理、生态安全预警具有重要作用。系统阐述了生态阈值的概念、生态系统转换的概念模型、生态阈值类型的划分及生态阈值的研究方法,分析并总结了不同生态阈值研究模型的适宜应用条件和优缺点,并对未来生态阈值研究提出建议:(1)加强生态系统阈值定量化评估方法的探索,旨在减小阈值量化的误差;(2)探究空间尺度转化、多驱动因素交互作用对生态阈值的影响,建立不同时空尺度、不同生态系统类型阈值转换数据库;(3)在未来将生态阈值应用到实际综合生态系统管理中,并从管理者及科研工作者角度提出相应实施建议。

Ecological threshold refers to the abrupt point at which the structure,attribute or function of an ecosystem changes from one stable state to another stable state on a certain time or spatial scale.Due to the limitation of climate,geography and other conditions,the environment in our country is fragile.At present,the degradation of ecosystem has become the main problem of sustainable economic and social development in our country.As a key index reflecting the steady⁃state transformation of ecosystem,ecological threshold can reflect the inflection point of the ecosystem from one stable state to another,and in⁃depth understanding of its concept and principle is of great importance for ecosystem integrated management and ecological security early warning.This paper elaborated the concept of ecological threshold and the conceptual model of ecosystem transformation,further discussed the classification of ecological threshold types by different scholars,summarized the relevant research methods of ecological threshold and the driving factors of ecological threshold,and also discussed the suitable application conditions,advantages and disadvantages of different ecological threshold research models.Relevant suggestions for future ecological threshold research were put forward:1)To strengthen the quantitative assessment of ecosystem threshold,mainly exploring quantitative methods,that is,to improve the quantitative assessment model of ecological threshold,narrow the prediction error of the model,and timely warn the steady⁃state transformation of the ecosystem;2)Explore the impact of spatial scale transformation on ecological threshold and the response threshold of ecosystem under the interaction of multiple driving factors,and establish the threshold transformation database of different spatial and temporal scales and different ecosystem types;3)Apply the ecological threshold value to the actual integrated ecosystem management in the future,and put forward corresponding implementation suggestions from the perspective of managers and scientific researchers.At the managerial level,strict laws and policies should be formulated and enforced to ensure the sustainable use of resources and the effective protection of the environment.At the same time,it will play a leading role in establishing a multi⁃party cooperation platform to promote cooperation and communication among various stakeholders,jointly develop and implement sustainable development plans and projects,and achieve the goal of collaborative optimization and sustainable use of ecosystem services.At the level of scientific researchers,cooperation in interdisciplinary fields should be strengthened on the basis of relevant researches on ecological thresholds,so as to have a deep understanding of the function and stability of the ecosystem,and to develop new quantitative models of threshold values in order to provide scientific theoretical basis and data support for managers′decision⁃making.