淀粉纳米纤维膜的制备及其工艺机理研究

Preparation of starch nanofiber film and its process mechanism study

以淀粉纳米纤维的形貌和直径为指标,采用单因素试验对静电纺丝法制备淀粉纳米纤维膜的工艺进行优化,并研究淀粉纳米纤维膜的力学性能和晶态。结果表明:淀粉纳米纤维最佳制备工艺为淀粉质量分数22%、纺丝电压18 kV、纺丝速度0.4 mL/h。淀粉质量分数影响分子链缠结程度,纺丝电压和速度影响泰勒锥和带电射流的形成和稳定,进而影响纤维形貌。力学性能测试和晶态测定结果表明,静电纺丝会破坏淀粉的结晶区,淀粉纳米纤维膜呈现出典型的非晶态聚合物的力学性能,其屈服应力为10 MPa,屈服应变为6.5%,断裂应力为11 MPa,断裂伸长率为22.8%。

Taking the morphology and diameter of starch nanofibers as indexes,the preparation process of starch nanofiber films by electrospinning method was optimized by single factor test,and the mechani-cal properties and crystal state of starch nanofiber films were studied.The results showed that the opti-mum preparation technology of starch nanofibers was starch mass fraction 22%,spinning voltage 18 kV and spinning speed 0.4 mL/h.The mass fraction of starch affected the degree of entanglement of molecu-lar chains.The spinning voltage and velocity affected the formation and stability of Taylor cone and charged jet,and then affected the morphology of fibers.The results of mechanical property test and crys-tal determination showed that the crystalline zone of starch was destroyed by electrospinning.The starch nanofiber films exhibited typical mechanical properties of amorphous polymer,with yield stress of 10 MPa,yield strain of 6.5%,fracture stress of 11 MPa and breaking elongation of 22.8%.