中国景观生态系统碳汇功能实现及制度设计

Realization and Institutional Design of Carbon SinksFunction in China’s Landscape Ecosystems

以中国数量和面积可观的各类公园绿地等景观生态系统为研究对象,基于国内外景观碳汇项目实施及其相关文献和数据分析,得出未来城市碳汇应以景观生态系统碳汇为主要发展方向,需加强景观碳汇项目的理论与实践研究。研究结果表明:目前景观碳汇功能实现存在顶层设计有待进一步完善、景观碳汇方法学研发不足、核算体系不健全及市场化跟进有限等制度困境。因此,应在基于自然的解决方案(NbS)统筹规划和科学设计景观生态系统基础上,健全景观碳汇方法学及其核算标准,进而将其融入履约、自愿和普惠碳市场,并完善与之相应的生态补偿、碳汇认购等制度举措,是其碳汇功能实现的可行路径。

⑴Background——The landscape ecosystems such as parks and green spaces are considerable in quantity and area in China.These landscape ecosystems not only provide ecosystem services,but also have potential space for carbon sinks growth.At present,the theory and practice of carbon sinks in landscape ecosystems is still in the exploration stage at home and abroad,and it is mainly applied as a special form of forestry carbon sinks and marine carbon sinks.Because the principle of carbon sinks generation in landscape ecosystems has not been scientifically elucidated,and the corresponding methodology and certification standard are lacking.Therefore,the potential of carbon sinks in landscape ecosystems has not been effectively exploited.⑵Methods——Firstly,the concept and scope of carbon sinks in landscape ecosystems were defined.Then,the necessity,feasibility and institutional dilemmas of the realization of carbon sinks function in landscape ecosystems were discussed.Finally,on the basis of overall planning of nature-based solutions and scientific design of landscape ecosystems,the methodology of carbon sinks in landscape ecosystems and its accounting standards were improved,and it was integrated into the compliance,voluntary and inclusive carbon market,and a feasible paths for the realization of carbon sinks function in landscape ecosystems was proposed.⑶Results——The necessity of realizing the carbon sinks function of landscape ecosystems mainly includes:it helps to promote the integration of emission reduction,carbon sequestration and carbon sinks,promote the value realization of the ecological products of landscape projects,raise the awareness of environmental protection of the whole people,optimize territorial space governance,build a low-carbon society and a beautiful China.Meanwhile,from the perspective of policy,law and practice,the realization of carbon sinks function in landscape ecosystems is also feasible.However,at present,there are some institutional dilemmas in the realization of carbon sinks function in China’s landscape ecosystems,which mainly include:imperfect top-level design,insufficient research and development on the methodology of carbon sinks in landscape ecosystems,imperfect accounting system of carbon sinks in landscape ecosystems,low marketization degree of carbon sinks in landscape ecosystems,and uncoordinated promotion systems of the carbon sinks projects.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Accelerating the carbon sinks construction of landscape ecosystems is of positive significance for the realization of the“double carbon”goal,the high-quality development of economy and society,and the construction of beautiful China.The feasible paths to realize the carbon sinks function of landscape ecosystems are put forward as the following:First,plan the landscape ecosystem scientifically,which is the premise of effective carbon sinks function.Second,design the landscape plant communities scientifically by the selection of tree species and the improvement of the carbon management level of landscape ecosystems.Third,research and develop the methodology and accounting standards of carbon sinks in landscape ecosystems.Fourth,integrate the landscape carbon sinks projects into the carbon market system organically,and transform its ecological value into economic value through the trading platform.Fifth,improve the ecological compensation mechanism,strengthen the prevention and control of risks such as alien species invasion,and carry out judicial subscription of carbon sinks.