农村社会语言学调查方法

Survey Methods of Rural Sociolinguistics

社会语言学是一门实证科学,作为其分支,农村社会语言学也非常注重如何从田野获取可靠而有效的调查资料,调查方法研究因此成为农村社会语言学研究必不可少的内容。本文主要从调查对象的确定、调查资料的收集这两个关键环节入手,对农村社会语言学的调查方法进行了一番梳理与评述。从调查对象看,可分为普查、抽样调查、典型调查与个案调查;从资料的收集看,可分为访谈法、问卷法与观察法。每一种方法都有其优点与缺点,研究者对此应该保持清醒的认识,并根据每一项课题的实际情况加以综合性、创造性地运用。

Sociolinguistics is a empirical science.As a branch of sociolinguistics,rural sociolinguistics pays great attention to getting the reliable and effective data from the fields.Therefore,survey methods should become an essential part of rural sociolinguistic research.This paper sorts out and comments on the survey methods of rural sociolinguistics from the selection of survey object and the collection of survey data.According to the selection of survey objects,rural sociolinguistics can be divided into general survey,sample survey,typical survey and individual case survey;According to the collection of survey data,rural sociolinguistics can be divided into interview method,questionnaire method and observation method.Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages,of which every investigator should be aware enough and use them comprehensively and creatively according to the actual situation of every topic.