近代中国英语基础教育的“白话文运动”

“The Vernacular Movement”of The Basic Education of English in the Early 20th Century of China

20世纪初,我国英语基础教育具有浓厚“文言”色彩。受欧洲外语教学“改革运动”与国内新文化运动影响,英语基础教育经历了一场“白话文运动”。从语言规划视角看,该运动源自20世纪初英语社会地位实用导向,发展过程经历自下而上(1915—1928)与自上而下(1929—1949)两个阶段,发展动力既包括陆殿扬、张士一等个人主体性的发挥,也包括官方的政策推动。与此同时,胡适赋予该运动声望规划的色彩。英语基础教育“白话文运动”既实现了外语教科书转型,又推动了我国外语教学早期科学化探索。

In the early 20th century,the basic education of English in China leaned towards the reading of classical works.Influenced by the Reform Movement of Europe and the New Culture Movement,English education underwent a resemblance of the Vernacular Movement of Chinese.Viewed through the perspective of language planning,this movement originated from the pragmatic status of English in the early 20th century,underwent bottom-up(19151928)and top-down(19291949)phases,and gained impetus from the individual agency of the scholars including Lu Dianyang and Zhang Shiyi and from government policies.Besides,the movement enjoyed prestige planning from Hu Shi.This vernacular movement not only realized the transition of English textbooks,but also promoted the pioneering scientific teaching of foreign languages in China.