中高职一体化课程体系建设的困境、归因与优化路径

The Challenges,Attribution,and Optimization Path of the Integrated Curriculum System Construction in Middle and Higher Vocational Education

构建一体化的课程体系是实现中高职贯通培养的重要突破口。目前,中高职一体化课程体系建设存在多重误区:中高职人才培养目标的落差过大,导致中高职一体化课程体系建设的“断层化”;对贯通式培养的内涵理解不足,导致中高职一体化课程体系建设的“形式化”;对技能形成规律的认识不足,导致课程考评体系的“片面性”。造成这种局面的底层逻辑是政策层面“政”与“策”的失衡,导致课程建设“规范性有余、指导性不足”;社会层面“重学轻术”的文化惯习,导致职业教育处于教育生态链的底端;管理体制机制层面的建设滞后,导致课程体系建设的决策权分置。为此,需要全面优化政策体系,加快推动职业教育地位提升与中高职一体化发展;中高职院校要构建整体性的人才培养方案与课程融合机制;构建科学合理的课程评价机制,使过程评价与转段评价并重,推进学分银行制度建设。

Building an integrated curriculum system is an important breakthrough in achieving integrated training between secondary and higher vocational education.At present,there are multiple misconceptions in the construction of the integrated curriculum system for secondary and higher vocational education:the gap in talent cultivation goals between secondary and higher vocational education is too large,leading to a"discontinuity"in the construction of the integrated curriculum system for secondary and higher vocational education;Insufficient understanding of the connotation of integrated training has led to the formalization of the construction of the integrated curriculum system in secondary and higher vocational education;Insufficient understanding of the formation rules of skills has led to the"one sidedness"of the curriculum evaluation system.The underlying logic behind this situation is the imbalance between"politics"and"policies"at the policy level,leading to a lack of standardization and guidance in curriculum construction;The cultural habit of"emphasizing learning over skills"at the social level has led to vocational education being at the bottom of the education ecosystem;The lagging construction of management system and mechanism has led to the separation of decision-making power in curriculum system construction.To this end,it is necessary to comprehensively optimize the policy system and accelerate the promotion of the status of vocational education and the integrated development of secondary and higher vocational education;Vocational colleges should establish a comprehensive talent cultivation plan and curriculum integration mechanism;Establish a scientific and reasonable curriculum evaluation mechanism that emphasizes both process evaluation and transition evaluation,and promote the construction of the credit bank system.