内耳畸形人工耳蜗植入进展

Advance of cochlear implantation for inner ear malformation

内耳畸形(inner ear malformation,IEM)主要指骨迷路的畸形,目前IEM患者多可通过人工耳蜗植入(cochlear implantation,CI)获益,但手术难度和风险较正常耳蜗更大。本文就IEM患者CI手术的技术难点,如面神经畸形、脑脊液耳漏、电极异位等的防治策略,和电极选择、植入侧别选择等手术策略以及术后效果、术后调试的特点做了总结,并利用文献计量学方法总结了IEM患者CI手术的研究热点、展望了未来研究前景。

Inner ear malformation(IEM)primarily refers to malformations of the bony labyrinth.Currently,patients with IEM can benefit from cochlear implantation(CI),but the surgical difficulty and risks are greater compared to those with normal cochleae.This article summarizes the technical challenges of CI surgery in IEM patients,such as the prevention and management strategies for facial nerve malformations,cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea,and electrode malposition,as well as surgical strategies regarding electrode selection and the choice of implantation side.We also discusses the characteristics of postoperative outcomes and programming.Furthermore,using bibliometrics,this article highlights the research hotspots in CI surgery for IEM patients and forecast the future of research prospects.