严复“究心赵宋一代历史”观念探讨——兼论严复对王安石变法之态度

An Exploration on Yan Fu's Concept of“Studying the Heart from the Perspective of Song History”-A Concurrent Discussion on Yan Fu's Attitude Towards Wang Anshi's Reforms

严复曾对弟子熊育钖称其对中国历史的基本态度是“若研究人心政俗之变,则赵宋一代历史,最宜究心”。这被认为是近代学界重新认识宋史独特价值的宣言。严复对宋史并无甚深造诣,但全面检讨他的相关著作可发现,他对王安石有着异乎寻常的关注,不仅钟情于王安石诗词,还曾手批《荆公文集》,对王安石变法也有颇多论述。结合严复的相关文字,发现其所言“究心赵宋一代历史”主要指的是研究“王安石变法”,而这一“究心”既有“变法救亡”的现实关怀,又受到西方社会主义思潮的深刻影响,反映出近代思想先驱严复将海外理论与中国历史现实相结合的社会关怀。

Yan Fu once told his disciple Xiong Yuyang that his basic attitude towards China history was“If you study the changes in people's hearts and political customs,the history of the Song Dynasty is the most appropriate one to study the heart”.This is considered to be a declaration for modern scholars to re-understand the unique value of Song history.Yan Fu does not have much knowledge of Song history,but a comprehensive review of his relevant works shows that he has an unusual interest in Wang Anshi.He is not only interested in Wang Anshi's poems,but also annotates in hand on“Jinggong Collected Works”.He even has a lot of discussions on Wang Anshi's reforms as well.Combined with Yan Fu's relevant wordings and his study experience in Western countries,it is found that his“study of the history of the Song Dynasty”mainly refers to the study of“Wang Anshi's reforms”.In fact,this“study of the heart”not only has the practical concern of“reforms to save the world”,but also reflects the social concern of Yan Fu,a pioneer of modern thought,who combines overseas theories with Chinese history,on account of the influence by the Western Socialism.