噬菌体在畜牧生产中的研究应用进展

Progress in research on application of bacteriophages in poultry and livestock production

细菌性疾病的防治一直以来是全球畜牧业研究的重点,由于抗生素在畜牧业的不规范使用,细菌耐药性和药物残留等问题严重影响了畜牧生产和食品安全,亟需寻找新的替代品。噬菌体作为一种天然的抑菌剂,已有近百年研究历史,因其特异性强、繁殖速度快和安全高效等特点,目前在多重耐药菌疾病治疗和食品加工等方面均取得较好效果,并在畜禽养殖中显示出巨大的潜力。本文综述了噬菌体的定义、形态结构与分类、治疗的优势与局限性以及在畜牧生产中的应用,以期给畜牧生产中噬菌体的应用提供参考。

The prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases have always been a major concern in animal husbandry worldwide.However,the abuse of antibiotics has led to issues such as bacterial resistance and drug residues,which have adversely affected livestock production and food safety.Hence,there is an urgent need for exploring alternative options to antibiotics.One such alternative is phage,a natural bacte⁃riostatic agent that has been studied for almost a century.Due to its high specificity,fast reproduction rate,safety,and effectiveness,phage has shown promising results in treating multi-resistant bacterial diseases and in food processing,and has great potential in livestock and poul⁃try breeding.This review provides an overview of phage,including its definition,morphological structure,and classification,as well as the advantages and limitations in therapy.Additionally,this paper explores the application of phage in animal husbandry,offering a reference for appropriate use of this bacteriostatic agent in livestock and poultry production.