水电开发对河流生态系统生产总值的影响

Impact of hydropower development on gross river ecosystem product

为探究水电开发对河流生态系统生产总值的影响,构建了水电开发下河流生态系统生产总值核算指标体系,以澜沧江与怒江为有无水电开发的典型河流,核算了澜沧江与怒江2016年和2021年河流生态系统生产总值并进行了对比分析。结果表明:以2021年价格为不变价格计算,2016—2021年澜沧江和怒江河流生态系统生产总值分别从1165.61亿元和385.53亿元增加至1264.22亿元和394.24亿元;调节服务价值始终占据河流生态系统生产总值的主要地位,水电开发提高了河流水电能源和洪水调蓄价值,降低了河流输沙、生境多样性及固碳增汇价值;水电开发提升了河流生态系统生产总值,使单位面积河流生态系统生产总值平均增加了0.87亿元/km^(2),促进了河流生态系统产品价值的实现,产生了显著社会经济效益。

To investigate the impact of hydropower development on the gross river ecosystem product,an accounting index system of gross river ecosystem product under hydropower development was constructed.With the Lancang River and Nu River used as typical rivers with and without hydropower development,the gross river ecosystem products of the rivers in 2016 and 2021 were calculated,and a comparative analysis was performed.The results showed that,with the price of 2021 used as the constant price,the gross river ecosystem product of the Lancang River increased from 116.561 billion RMB to 126.422 billion RMB during 2016 to 2021,and that of the Nu River increased from 38.553 billion RMB to 39.424 billion RMB.The regulation service value always contributed the most to the gross river ecosystem product.Hydropower development increased the values of hydropower energy and flood regulation of rivers,but reduced the values of sediment transport,habitat diversity,and carbon sequestration.Hydropower development significantly increased the gross river ecosystem product at a rate of 87 million RMB per year on average,promoting the value realization of river ecosystem products and producing significant social and economic benefits.