殊路同归——谈物质与非物质文化遗产的融通与协同

Integration and Collaboration Between Material and Intangible Cultural Heritage

物质与非物质文化遗产同属于文化遗产范畴,区别在于载体不同。在现实生活中,物质和非物质文化遗产实际上是一枚硬币的两面,只是因为人们关注角度不同,使事物在不同发展时段呈现的侧面和特征不同。文化遗产保护从物质遗产始,进而延伸至非物质领域,这一进程符合人类认知规律。国内当下的物质与非物质文化遗产虽然划分为两个不同的领域,但实际上二者有共同的范畴、原则、方法,近年来更出现了相互融合的趋向。从学术体系和学科体系建设角度建立遗产学及文化遗产保护学科的时机渐趋成熟,在统一的遗产学框架下理顺物质和非物质文化遗产的关系问题也变得十分必要和迫切。秉持整体性和系统性思维,建立统一的文化遗产学术体系、学科体系和话语体系,并将文化遗产整体纳入国家文化建设和整个社会经济发展体系中,为文化遗产保护提供理论支撑、制度保障和管理依据,形成文化遗产保护有序、协同的良好局面。

Material and intangible cultural heritage both fall under the category of cultural heritage.The distinction lies in their carriers,with the former being material and the latter non-material.In fact,material and non-material cultural heritage are two sides of the same coin.The different angles of focus by individuals result in varying aspects and characteristics of these entities over time.Cultural heritage protection begins with material heritage and gradually extends into the intangible realm,a process that aligns with the laws of human cognition.Although material and intangible cultural heritage are divided into two distinct fields,they share common categories,principles,and methods,with an emerging trend of mutual integration in recent years.The conditions for establishing the discipline of heritage studies and cultural heritage protection studies have matured.In a unified framework of heritage studies,it has become increasingly necessary and urgent to clarify the relation between material and intangible cultural heritage.Adhering to holistic and systematic thinking,it is crucial to establish a unified academic system,disciplinary structure,and discourse system for cultural heritage while incorporating cultural heritage as a whole into the national cultural construction and the broader socio-economic development framework.This will provide theoretical support,institutional guarantees,and management foundations for cultural heritage protection,creating an orderly and collaborative environment for its safeguarding.