文化生态视域下生态博物馆活态发展研究——以镇山布依族生态博物馆为例

Living Development of Ecological Museums from a Cultural Ecology Perspective:A Case Study of the Bouyei Ecological Museum of Zhenshan

生态博物馆是文化生态观的具体呈现,即将遗产保护与社会生活连接,也是遗产保护理论的实践。面对部分生态博物馆生存难以为继的困顿局面,思考设计新的路径赋能其传承与发展,是生态博物馆活态发展赋能乡村振兴的重要手段。本文以贵阳市花溪区镇山布依族生态博物馆为例,借鉴文化生态学方法论与景观基因理论,构建其文化空间生态网络,并提出镇山布依族生态博物馆“文化—景观”协同演进的整体性保护思路与“生态博物馆—文化旅游”融合发展的活态路径,结合设计学方法提出文化生态博物空间活化的设计策略,为生态博物馆文化遗产可持续发展提供参考,赋能乡村振兴。

Cultural ecology explores the interactive relationship between culture and environment,as well as the internal interactions within culture,encompassing a wide range of areas such as cultural preservation,inheritance,and sustainable development.Within this framework,ecological museums serve as important carriers for cultural ecological construction,playing a crucial role in regional cultural protection and sustainable development.Unlike traditional museums,ecological museums place greater emphasis on residents’participation and highlight the integration of heritage preservation with community life.The development of ecological museums in China has evolved from early ethnic cultural villages to diversified community museums primarily based on villagers’autonomy,gradually developing various models that adapt to local culture and environment.This paper constructs a cultural ecological design system that combines the spatial characteristics of regional culture and landscape,enabling ecological museums to find a balance between heritage preservation and modern development,thus avoiding the depletion of cultural resources and environmental degradation.Taking the Bouyei Ecological Museum of Zhenshan in Huaxi District,Guiyang City as an example,this study draws on methodologies from cultural ecology and landscape genetics to construct its cultural spatial ecological network.It proposes a holistic protection approach for the“cultural-landscape”collaborative evolution of the Bouyei Ecological Museum of Zhenshan and a dynamic path for the integrated development of“ecological museum–cultural tourism”.Additionally,it presents design strategies for revitalizing cultural ecological spaces through design methodologies.