非遗文化生态重构:价值、困境与实践路径

Ecological Reconstruction of Intangible Cultural Heritage:Value,Dilemma,and Practical Paths

为传承我国非物质文化遗产所蕴含的优秀文化基因,探索从生态学研究领域引入“生态重构”概念,将“平衡和稳定”的核心理念有效应用于非遗文化各要素之间的相互作用,对当前非遗保护和传承中的薄弱环节进行修复和系统重构,以期实现恢复非遗文化生态自然平衡、激发非遗文化内在生命力的目标。非遗文化生态的重构有助于采用全新视角审视非遗文化,理清非遗传承人以及技艺、场所和文化载体之间的联动关系;有助于全面、深入认识非遗保护和传承的内在机制和规律,提高非遗文化的内生性和自我调节能力;有助于非遗文化更好地与社会、经济、环境等方面相互协调和互动,实现非遗文化的可持续发展。

Since the 1950s,the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage in China has always adopted a“topdown”strategy,that is,governments at all levels have taken the lead in carrying out the general survey of intangible cultural heritage projects,the identification of non-heritage inheritors,and the formulation of protection measures,which has built a relatively perfect external mechanism for the modern protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.As important carriers of China’s excellent traditional cultural genes,non-heritage inheritors,skills,places and cultural carriers together constitute the intangible cultural ecosystem.The understanding of the endogeneity of the system and research on the ways to improve the self-regulation ability are the key to realizing the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage and providing a scientific basis for the construction of intangible cultural ecology.Introducing the concept of“ecological reconstruction”into the field of ecological research,this paper takes the intangible culture and its natural and social environment as the research object to clarify the linkage relationship among the elements in the ecosystem.Through the analysis of the weak links of the current intangible cultural ecosystem,this paper discusses the feasibility of system restoration and reconstruction with the concept of“balance and stability”.This paper puts forward the practical path of“refining the ecological genes of intangible culture,building the ecological platform of intangible culture,and developing the ecological industry of intangible culture”from the micro level and the macro level,to achieve the goal of restoring the ecological natural balance of intangible culture and stimulate the internal vitality of intangible culture.This paper plays an important role in enhancing the self-protection ability of intangible culture,making it more resilient under the influence of foreign culture,and enhancing the sense of identity and belonging to the traditional Chinese culture.At the same time,due to the ecological reconstruction of intangible culture,the inheritance of intangible culture is more orderly and standardized,the consciousness and sense of responsibility of the inheritors are enhanced,and the effectiveness of inheritance is improved.In addition,the reconstruction of intangible cultural ecology can promote cultural exchanges and interactions between different regions and different inheritors,promote cultural diversity and innovation,and inject new vitality into intangible culture.