全油气系统内涵与研究思路

Connotation and research strategy of the whole petroleum system

传统的含油气系统理论强调从“源”到“圈闭”的成藏过程恢复,其概念中的油气资源主体为常规油气资源,难以涵盖非常规油气富集机理的理念和研究。全油气系统理论是从含油气系统理论发展而来,结合页岩油气等非常规油气勘探实践与发现,增加了非常规油气的研究内容。尽管全油气系统研究仍涵盖“地质要素、动态演化、油气分布”三大方面,但其研究思路和研究内容相较含油气系统有很大的不同,主要包括:①地质要素方面,含油气系统主要研究烃源岩特征及生烃演化、常规油气储层物性、圈闭、运移和保存条件等内容,而全油气系统在上述研究的基础上增加了滞留烃定量评价、非常规储层表征、源储配置等研究内容;②动态演化方面,含油气系统主要研究常规油气烃源岩演化与圈闭形成期匹配,而全油气系统增加了非常规储层致密化与油气充注的匹配、非常规油气藏后期改造等研究内容;③油气分布方面,含油气系统以浮力成藏机制为核心研究常规油气的运聚与分布,而全油气系统则通过深入理解非常规油气自封闭成藏机制、查明常规—非常规油气分布序列,从而确定全油气系统的油气分布特征。

With the continuous discovery of unconventional oil and gas,traditional petroleum system theories and methods can no longer adapt to the research of all underground oil and gas resources.Traditional petroleum system theories emphasize the restoration of the accumulation process from“source”to“trap”.The main oil and gas resources in the concept are conventional oil and gas,lacking the concept and research of unconventional oil and gas enrichment mechanism.The whole petroleum system is developed from the traditional petroleum system.Compared with the petroleum system,the whole petroleum system adds the research content of unconventional oil and gas.Although the study of the whole petroleum system is still in three aspects:geological elements,dynamic evolution and oil and gas distribution,its research ideas and research contents are very different,including the following three aspects.(1)In terms of geological elements,the traditional petroleum system studies the characteristics of source rocks and hydrocarbon generation evolution,and the reservoir properties,traps,migration and preservation conditions of conventional oil and gas.On the basis of the above research,the whole petroleum system has increased the quantitative evaluation of retained hydrocarbons,unconventional reservoir characterization,source reservoir configuration and other research contents.(2)In terms of dynamic evolution,the petroleum system studies the matching between the evolution of conventional oil and gas source rocks and the formation period of traps,that is,the critical moment of oil and gas accumulation,while the whole petroleum system has increased the research content of the matching of unconventional reservoir densification and oil and gas charging,and the later transformation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.(3)In terms of oil and gas distribution,the petroleum system takes buoyancy-drived accumulation mechanism as the core to study the migration,accumulation and distribution of conventional oil and gas.The whole petroleum system adds unconventional oil and gas self-sealing accumulation mechanism and conventional-unconventional oil and gas distribution sequence,so as to determine the oil and gas distribution characteristics of the whole petroleum system.