高原低氧环境暴露所致机体损伤对肠道微生态的影响及其关联性研究进展

Research progress in impact of bodily damage on gut microecology induced by exposure to high⁃altitude hypoxic environments

高原环境具有低氧、低压、低气温等特点,暴露于高原环境往往引起机体损伤,导致急慢性高原病的发生。研究表明,急慢性高原环境暴露会引起全身器官(如心脏、胃肠道等)功能受损,高原环境暴露所致机体损伤与急慢性缺氧密切相关。当机体处于生理调节失代偿或疾病状态时,往往伴随肠道菌群结构的改变,目前肠道菌群与高原暴露所致机体损伤间的联系已有报道,但具体优劣菌种及作用机制仍待探讨。该文从低氧所致肠道组织损伤、免疫激活、菌群结构改变和差异代谢产物等方面进行综述,探讨高原暴露机体损伤与肠道微生态间的关联性及相关作用机制,旨在为高原环境暴露致机体损伤的防控与治疗提供潜在思路。

A high-altitude environment is characterized by low oxygen levels,low pressure,and low temperatures.Exposure to the plateau environment often causes damage to the body,leading to the occurrence of acute mountain sickness/chronic mountain sickness(AMS/CMS).Research indicates that acute or chronic exposure to the special environment can result in overall organ dysfunctions,such as those in the heart and gastrointestinal tract.The damage to the body caused by exposure to the plateau environment is closely related to acute and chronic hypoxia.Physiological maladjustment or disease is usually accompanied by changes in the structure of the gut microbiota.There have been reports on the correlations between the gut microbiota and bodily harm caused by high-altitude exposure.However,the specific types of bacteria involved and the mechanisms of action are still under investigation.This article reviews the intestinal tissue damage caused by low oxygen levels,immune activation,changes in microbial community structure,and differential metabolic products.The association and underlying mechanisms between bodily harm due to high-altitude exposure and the intestinal microbiota are also explored in hopes of stimulating new lines of thought related to the prevention and treatment of bodily harm caused by exposure to the plateau environment.