2016—2022年忻州市职业性尘肺病流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Xinzhou City from 2016 to 2022

目的分析2016—2022年忻州市职业性尘肺病的发病情况,探讨近7年忻州市职业性尘肺病发病情况及流行病学特点,为制定职业性尘肺病的防控措施提供依据。方法对2016—2022年忻州市职业性尘肺病的年龄、性别、地区、病种、病程分期、诊断年龄、接尘工龄等基本信息进行汇总,使用SPSS 26.0软件对汇总的数据进行统计学分析。结果2016—2022年忻州市共报告职业性尘肺病630例,总体报告病例数呈下降趋势;职业性尘肺病中新发病例609例,占96.7%;职业性尘肺病中Ⅰ期尘肺378例,占60.0%;Ⅱ期尘肺104例,占16.5%;Ⅲ期尘肺148例,占23.5%。诊断年龄50~<60岁人数居多,占43.7%;接尘年龄30~<40岁人数较多,占31.7%;尘肺类型以矽肺及煤工尘肺为主,占99.2%。煤炭开采和洗选业人数较多,占50.8%;2种主要尘肺中的病程分期构成、Ⅰ期尘肺的接尘工龄及诊断年龄比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);工种主要为凿岩工147例、煤矿混合工118例、矿山其他工103例及其他工种,占74.8%;地区分布中,繁峙县确诊病例最多,占29.0%。结论2016—2022年忻州市职业性尘肺病以矽肺及煤工尘肺为主,职业性尘肺病的发病特征之间存在差异,应定期组织重点行业、重点工种的接尘工人进行职业健康检查,降低职业性尘肺病的发病率。

Objective To analyze the incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis in Xinzhou City from 2016 to 2022,and to explore the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in recent 7 years,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of occupational pneumoconiosis.Methods The basic information of occupational pneumoconiosis in Xinzhou City from 2016 to 2022,including the age,gender,region,disease type,course and stage,diagnosis age,age of exposure to dust were summarized.SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis of the collected data.Results From 2016 to 2022,a total of630 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were reported in Xinzhou City,and the overall number of reported cases showed a decreasing trend.There were 609 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis,accounting for 96.7%.Among occupational pneumoconiosis,378 cases(60.0%)were diagnosed with stageⅠpneumoconiosis.There were 104 cases(16.5%)of stageⅡpneumoconiosis,148 cases(23.5%)of stageⅢpneumoconiosis.The majority of patients aged 50-<60 years were diagnosed,accounting for 43.7%.The number of dust exposure age 30-<40 years old was more,accounting for 31.7%.The main types of pneumoconiosis were silicosis and coal workers'pneumoconiosis,accounting for 99.2%.The number of workers in coal mining and washing industry accounted for 50.8%.There were statistically significant differences in the course and stage composition of the two major pneumoconiosis,the age of exposure to dust and the age of diagnosis of stageⅠpneumoconiosis(all P<0.05).The main types of work were rock drilling(147 cases),coal mixing(118 cases),other mining(103 cases)and other types of work,accounting for 74.8%.Among the regional distribution,the confirmed cases were more in Fanshi County,accounting for 29.0%.Conclusion Silicosis and coal workers'pneumoconiosis are the main occupational pneumoconiosis in Xinzhou City from 2016 to 2022,and there are differences in the pathogenesis characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis.Occupational health examination should be conducted regularly for dust exposed workers in key industries and key types of work to reduce the incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis.