江苏省助产机构医务人员艾滋病歧视态度现状调查和影响因素分析

Investigation on status quo of AIDS discriminatory attitudes and analysis of influencing factors among medical staff in midwifery institutions in Jiangsu Province

目的调查江苏省助产机构艾滋病歧视态度现状,研究其影响因素,为消除艾滋病耻辱和歧视,营造零歧视就医氛围提供依据。方法于2023年5—6月,采用方便抽样方法抽取江苏省内助产机构医务人员,在中文版Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表的基础上借鉴中文版医务人员污名化歧视量表测量医务人员对人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(people living with HIV/AIDS,PLWHA)母婴阻断相关的歧视态度现状。结果共收集16008份问卷,其中15490份有效问卷。调查显示,医务人员目前在担心感染疾病方面呈现出较严重的歧视,得分为(2.70±0.80)分,其次是就医和社会歧视行为,得分为(2.33±0.57)分,在对医疗机构的政策和环境支持中表现出较好态度,得分为(2.03±0.55)分。多因素分析显示,男性、年龄<30岁的医务人员、文化程度高、城市户籍、<5年工龄的人、低职业暴露、了解防治条例和行动计划与参加过医院培训医务人员的歧视程度较低(均P<0.05)。结论江苏省助产机构医务人员存在一定的艾滋病歧视,其中,医务人员存在态度消极和歧视情况,主要原因在于对艾滋病传播和感染的恐惧与误解。对医务人员分类和有针对性地进行反歧视健康教育,让医务人员学习《艾滋病防治条例》《预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙型肝炎母婴传播工作规范(2020)》和《消除艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播行动计划(2022—2025)》,可以有效改善歧视现状。

Objective To investigate the status quo of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)discrimination attitude in midwives in Jiangsu Province,and study its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for eliminating stigma and discrimination against AIDS and creating a zero discrimination medical atmosphere.Methods From May to June 2023,medical staff in midwifery institutions in Jiangsu Province were selected by convenient sampling method.Based on Chinese version of Zelaya AIDS discrimination scale,the Chinese version of the stigma discrimination scale for medical staff was used for reference to measure the status quo of medical staff's discriminatory attitude towards PLWHA mother infant interruption.Results A total of 16008questionnaires were collected,of which 15490 were valid.The survey showed that medical personnel currently exhibit severe discrimination in worrying about infectious diseases,with a score of(2.70±0.80)points,followed by seeking medical treatment and social discriminatory behavior,with a score of(2.33±0.57)points.They showed a good attitude towards policy and environmental support for medical institutions,with a score of(2.03±0.55)points.Multivariate analysis showed that male,medical staff under 30years of age,high education level,urban registered residence,people with less than 5 years of service,low occupational exposure,knowledge of prevention and control regulations and action plans,and medical staff who had participated in hospital training had significantly lower discrimination(all P<0.05).Conclusion There is a certain degree of AIDS discrimination among medical staff in midwifery institutions in Jiangsu Province.Among them,medical workers have negative attitudes and discrimination.The main reason is that they fear and misunderstand the spread and infection of AIDS.Classified and targeted anti-discrimination health education for medical personnel can effectively improve the status of discrimination by letting them know the"Regulations on the Prevention and Control of AIDS","The Norms for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS,Syphilis and hepatitis B(2020)","Action Plan for the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS,Syphilis and hepatitis B(2022-2025)".