马克思对货币权力起源和本质的揭示——基于《1857—1858年经济学手稿》“货币章”的考察与反思

Marx’s Revelation of the Origin and Essence of Monetary Power:The Examination and Reflection of“Chapter on Money”of the Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858

在马克思看来,货币是一种权力关系。根据马克思在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》货币章中的讨论,在资本主义社会,货币是在商品交换中表现出来的因个体对社会生产的依赖,而反过来支配人的力量。就其本质而言,货币权力是由资本主义生产方式产生的、在流通过程中具体运作的社会权力,是资本主义生产关系的社会性、历史性表达,是资本抽象统治普遍展开的前提基础,是霸权主义实现强权政治的重要工具。资本主义生产方式为货币权力的稳固性提供基础,但同时也决定了它必然包含着深刻的内在矛盾,具有脆弱性。随着货币权力的扩张,这一矛盾也将最终因与自身的外壳不相容而解体。马克思指明了反抗这种权力、获得人的解放的可能,解放实现的途径是共产主义,主体是无产阶级。

From the perspective of historical materialism,money is a power relation.According to Marx’s argument in the“Chapter on Money”of the Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858,in capitalist society,money is manifested in the exchange of commodities because of the individual’s dependence on social production,and in turn dominates the power of man.In essence,monetary power is a social power generated by the capitalist mode of production,operating concretely in the process of circulation,which is the socio-historical expression of capitalist relations of production,the premise and basis for the general development of the abstract dominaion of capital,and is a powerful tool for hegemonism to realize power politics.The capitalist mode of production determines the stability,which is due to its inherent contradictions.