中国与中亚国家绿色公正转型合作分析

Analysis of Cooperation in Green and Just Transition Between China and Central Asian Countries

随着绿色转型不断深入,以实现社会公正为目标的公正转型重要性日渐突出。中亚①在历史上同中国交往密切,是“一带一路”倡议的首倡之地。中国与中亚国家已建交30多年,双方关系已提升至新水平。当前,化石燃料占中亚五国能源供应总量的95%,与大多数发展中国家一样,中亚国家受限于资金、技术、人口等短板绿色转型发展缓慢,尤其在公正转型领域面临诸多挑战。长期以来,我国非常重视公正转型,早在2021年4月,国家主席习近平在出席领导人气候峰会时就提出:“在绿色转型过程中努力实现社会公平正义,增加各国人民获得感、幸福感、安全感”。作为中亚国家的近邻和战略合作伙伴国,我国有能力、有意愿为中亚国家绿色公正转型提供支持合作。鉴于此,本文对中国与中亚国家公正转型合作开展研究。研究发现,中亚国家公正转型水平仍处于发展阶段,在社会发展、经济发展、生态环境、监管等方面都面临诸多挑战。目前,中国已与中亚国家在政策搭建、转型实践中达成了合作,取得了丰硕成果。为提升合作效果,建议可以在政策对接、重点领域发展、社会发展等领域强化交流与合作。

As the green transformation deepens,the significance of just transition aimed at achieving social equity has become increasingly prominent.Central Asia,narrowly defined as Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Turkmenistan,has historically enjoyed close ties with China and serves as the inaugural region for the Belt and Road Initiative.China and Central Asian countries have established diplomatic relations for over 30 years,and bilateral relations have been elevated to a new level.Currently,fossil fuels account for 95%of the total energy supply in the five Central Asian countries.Similar to most developing nations,Central Asian countries face sluggish progress in green transition due to constraints in capital,technology,and population,especially in the realm of just transition,where numerous challenges persist.China has long attached great importance to just transition.As early as April 2021,President Xi Jinping proposed at the Leaders'Climate Summit:“We should strive to achieve social equity and justice in the process of green transformation,and increase the sense of gain,happiness,and security of people of all countries.”As a close neighbor and strategic partner of Central Asian countries,China has the capacity and willingness to support cooperation in the green and just transition of Central Asia.In view of this,this paper conducts research on the cooperation between China and Central Asian countries in just transition.The research finds that the level of just transition in Central Asian countries is still in a developmental stage,confronting numerous challenges in social development,economic development,ecological environment,and regulation.At present,China has achieved fruitful results in cooperation with Central Asian countries in policy formulation and transitional practices.To enhance cooperation effectiveness,it is suggested to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in areas such as policy alignment,key sector development,and social development.