新型电力系统下新一代煤电发展路径

Development Paths for Next-generation Coal-fired Power Generation Under New Electric Power Systems

推动新一代燃煤发电(简称“煤电”)的升级,是实现我国“双碳”目标并加快构建新型电力系统的关键举措,关乎能源安全和能源转型的全局。文中系统梳理了新型电力系统构建中的主要挑战,结合国内外煤电发展现状,对煤电的功能定位进行深入分析,提出了新一代煤电的主要发展思路与路径,包括灵活发电、高效发电、低碳发电和智能发电。具体探讨了深度调峰,快速调峰,加权平均综合供电煤耗评价,生物质、绿氨、绿氢掺烧,煤电与CCS/CCUS耦合,智能运行控制,智能化建模等未来发展方向,并列举了新一代煤电的关键技术。最后,建议在大力发展新能源的同时,增强煤电在电力系统中的支撑与调节功能,遵循“增容减量”原则,推动科技创新与体制机制改革,以实现新一代煤电的高质量发展。该文旨在为我国新型电力系统的构建与煤电转型升级提供理论依据和策略指导。

Upgrading next-generation coal-fired power generation is a key measure for achieving China’s“dual carbon”goals and accelerating the construction of the new electric power system,which is critical for both energy security and the overall energy transition.This paper systematically reviews the main challenges in building the new electric power system,analyzes the current status of coal-fired power development both domestically and internationally,and illustrates the functional positioning of coal power.It proposes primary development strategies for next-generation coal-fired power generation,including flexible,efficient,low-carbon,and intelligent power generation.Specifically,this paper discusses future directions such as deep peak regulation,rapid load adjustment,weighted average coal consumption evaluation for power supply,co-firing of biomass/green ammonia/green hydrogen,integration of coal power with CCS/CCUS,intelligent operation and control,and smart modeling.Furthermore,it introduces key technologies for next-generation coal-fired power generation.Finally,it recommends bolstering the development of new energy while strengthening the supporting and regulating roles of coal-fired power generation within electric power systems.The high-quality development of next-generation coal-fired power generation should adhere to the principle of“increasing installed capacity while reducing power generation capacity output”,and promote technological innovation and institutional reform.The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical foundations and strategic guidance for the construction of China’s new electric power system and the transformation and upgrading of coal-fired power generation.