新型冠状病毒感染流行期入境集中隔离机组人员心理健康状况调查

Psychological health status of the entry centralized quarantine crews during the COVID-19 epidemic

目的调查新型冠状病毒感染流行期间入境集中隔离机组人员的心理健康状况,为做好集中隔离医学观察点人员管理提供参考。方法选取2021年2月至2022年12月入住机组集中隔离酒店的8241名中国隔离机组人员为调查对象,采用自编电子表单小程序对入境集中隔离机组人员进行心理学问卷调查,采用广泛性焦虑量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,GAD-7)、失眠严重指数量表(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI)、抑郁症筛查量表(Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)评估其心理健康状况。按年龄分为20~29、30~39、40~49和50~59岁4组,按工种分为飞行员、乘务员、安全员和机务4组。运用SPSS 26.0软件对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果①8241份调查问卷全部有效,入境隔离机组人员中9.9%(817/8241)存在轻度及以上焦虑,8.9%(736/8241)存在轻度及以上失眠,15.2%(1251/8241)存在轻度及以上抑郁。②入境隔离机组人员中男性出现焦虑的比例高于女性(χ^(2)=13.04,P<0.001)。飞行员出现焦虑的比例高于乘务员、安全员和机务(χ^(2)=58.69、39.54、15.23,P均<0.001)。飞行员出现抑郁的比例高于乘务员、安全员(χ^(2)=21.07、27.02,P均<0.001)。③入境隔离机组人员中男性存在“中/重度”焦虑、“中/重度”失眠和“中/重度”抑郁的比例高于女性(χ^(2)=8.30、14.11、10.07,P=0.004、<0.001、=0.002)。40~49岁组出现“中/重度”焦虑和“中/重度”抑郁的比例高于20~29岁组(χ^(2)=15.13、22.29,P均<0.001),出现“中/重度”抑郁的比例高于30~39岁组(χ^(2)=8.80,P=0.003)。飞行员出现“中/重度”焦虑、“中/重度”抑郁的比例高于乘务员(χ^(2)=17.30、27.85,P均<0.001)、安全员(χ^(2)=10.39、18.74,P≤0.001),飞行员出现“中/重度”失眠的比例高于乘务员(χ^(2)=14.19,P<0.001)。④焦虑、失眠和抑郁程度3者呈正相关关系。工种是入境隔离机组人员发生焦虑和抑郁的危险因素,其中乘务员(OR=0.508,P<0.001)、安全员(OR=0.382,P<0.001)、机务(OR=0.372,P<0.001)出现焦虑症状的风险比飞行员低,乘务员(OR=0.629,P<0.001)、安全员(OR=0.528,P<0.001)出现抑郁症状的风险比飞行员低。结论应重视隔离机组人员心理健康状况,采取心理评估和干预手段,减少隔离飞行员出现中/重度焦虑、失眠和抑郁的风险。

ObjectiveTo provide references for personnel management in centralized quarantine medical observation units by investigating the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews during the COVID-19 epidemic.MethodsA total of 8241 Chinese quarantined crews who stayed in centralized segregation hotels from February of 2021 to December of 2022 were selected,and a self-made electronic questionnaire was used to investigate the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews.Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),Insomnia Severity Index(ISI)and Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)were used to assess their psychological health status.The entry quarantine crews were divided into 4 groups by age(20-29 years,30-39 years,40-49 years,50-59 years)and 4 groups by post(pilots,cabin crews,security guards,maintenance men).The results were analyzed by using the SPSS 26.0 software.Results①All 8241 questionnaires were valid,and 9.9%(817/8241)of the quarantine crews had mild or higher anxiety,8.9%(736/8241)had mild or higher insomnia,and 15.2%(1251/8241)had mild or higher depression.②The proportion of male crews experiencing anxiety was higher than that of females(χ^(2)=13.04,P<0.001).The proportion of pilots with anxiety was higher than that of cabin crews,security guards,and maintenance men(χ^(2)=58.69,39.54,15.23,all P<0.001).The proportion of pilots with depression was higher than that of cabin crews and security guards(χ^(2)=21.07,27.02,both P<0.001).③Males had higher proportion of moderate/severe anxiety,insomnia,and depression than females(χ^(2)=8.30,14.11,10.07,P=0.004,<0.001,=0.002).The proportions of moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression in 40-49 years group were higher than those in 20-29 years group(χ^(2)=15.13,22.29,both P<0.001).The proportion of moderate/severe depression in 40-49 years group was higher than that in 30-39 years group(χ^(2)=8.80,P=0.003).The proportions of pilots with moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression symptoms were higher than those of cabin crews(χ^(2)=17.30,27.85,both P<0.001)and security guards(χ^(2)=10.39,18.74,P≤0.001).The proportion of pilots with moderate/severe insomnia was higher than that of cabin crews(χ^(2)=14.19,P<0.001).④There was a positive correlation among the degree of anxiety,insomnia,and depression.Post was the risk factor for anxiety and depression among the entry quarantine crews.The risks of anxiety symptoms in cabin crews(OR=0.508,P<0.001),security guards(OR=0.382,P<0.001),and maintenance men(OR=0.372,P<0.001)were lower than that in pilots,and the risks of depression symptoms in cabin crews(OR=0.629,P<0.001)and security guards(OR=0.528,P<0.001)were lower than that in pilots.ConclusionsAttention should be paid to the psychological health status of the entry quarantine crews,and psychological assessment and intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of quarantined pilots experiencing moderate/severe anxiety,insomnia,and depression.