可持续生计框架下苗岭山区不同农户的生计差异——基于贵州省台江县巫脚交村的实证分析

A Study of Livelihood Differences Among Different Farming Households in the Miaoling Mountains Under the Sustainable Livelihood Framework:Based on an Empirical Analysis of Wu Jiaojiao Village in Taijiang County,Guizhou Province

农户的生计问题已成为可持续发展研究的热点话题。以贵州省台江县巫脚交村的农户为研究对象,引用可持续生计框架,运用访谈法,研究苗岭山区不同农户的生计差异。结果表明:(1)农户可分为社会救助型、务农专业型、兼业型、务工专业型、职业型五类,其中以务工专业型农户占优势(占74.17%)。(2)农户生计来源不稳定,其可持续发展能力还有很大提升空间。(3)不同农户的生计资本平均总值由高到低依次为Ⅳ型(2.14)>Ⅴ型(2.09)>Ⅱ型(2.05)>Ⅲ型(1.93)>Ⅰ型(1.58),但均达不到理想状态的50.00%。研究结果具有一定启示,即要提高苗岭山区农户的物质资本、自然资本和金融资本,进而促进农户生计的可持续发展。

The livelihood of farm households has become a hot topic in sustainable development research.Taking the farming households in Wu Jiaojiao Village,Taijiang County,Guizhou Province as the research object,we invoked the sustainable livelihood framework and utilized the interview method to study the livelihood differences among different farming households in the Miaoling Mountainous Region.The results showed:(1)Farming households could be classified into five categories:social assistance,agricultural specialization,part-time work,labor specialization,and occupation,with labor specialization dominating(74.17%).(2)The sources of livelihood of farming households were unstable,and there was still much room for improving their sustainable development ability.(3)The average total value of livelihood capital of different farm households was,in descending order,TypeⅣ(2.14)>TypeⅤ(2.09)>TypeⅡ(2.05)>TypeⅢ(1.93)>TypeⅠ(1.58),but none of them reached the ideal state of 50.00%.The results of the study have some insights into the need to improve the physical,natural and financial capital of farm households in the Miaoling mountainous region,and thus promote the sustainable development of their livelihoods.