易地搬迁移民不同生计策略下的生计恢复力研究——以红寺堡区为例

A Study of Livelihood Resilience of Displaced Migrants Under Different Livelihood Strategies:A Case Study of Hongsipu District

基于易地搬迁,移民的生产生活生态空间进行了重构,其生计选择模式直接影响生计恢复力。移民的生计恢复力直接决定移民社区的稳定性与认同感,也直接影响乡村振兴与生态文明建设的成效。通过以我国最大的单体易地搬迁移民区红寺堡为例,从缓冲力、自组织力以及学习力构建以移民生计恢复力评价指标体系,入户300份问卷对不同生计策略选择的农户生计恢复力进行分析。研究表明:红寺堡区移民生计恢复力的值整体不高,表现为兼业型(0.352)>非农型(0.312)>务农型(0.292);从不同维度看各类农户的自组织能力最高,缓冲能力最低;务农型农户缓冲能力高于其他类型,兼业型农户除了组织能力高,其他能力都是最低。因此,应拓宽农户的增收渠道、延长产业链以提高农户农业收入;优化产业结构、培养新型农户经营主体带动,提高兼业收入;加强公共服务建设提高移民学习创新能力、引导农户参与社区基层自治组织建设,提供技能培训和就业信息等,保障务工人员收益,增强移民生计风险应对力。

Based on relocation,the production and living ecological space of migrants is reconstructed,and their livelihood choice mode directly affects livelihood resilience.The livelihood resilience of migrants directly determines the stability and sense of identity of migrant communities,and also directly affects the effectiveness of rural revitalization and ecological civilization construction.This research used Red Temple,the largest monomeric immigrant area in our country,as an example,and constructed the evaluation index system of immigrant livelihood resilience from the buffer power,self-organizing power and learning power.This research analyzed the livelihood resilience of peasant households with 300 questionnaires from different livelihood strategies.The results showed that the overall value of livelihood resilience of immigrants in Hongsi Town was not high,which was manifested as part-time type(0.352)>non-agricultural type(0.312)>agricultural type(0.292).From different dimensions,the self-organizing ability of all kinds of farmers was the highest,and the buffering ability was the lowest.The buffering capacity of farming farmers was higher than that of other types,while part-time farming farmers had the lowest capacity except for high organizational ability.Therefore,it is necessary to broaden the income channels of farmers and extend the industrial chain to improve their agricultural income,optimize the industrial structure,cultivate new farmers to drive the main business,and improve part-time income;We should strengthen the construction of public services to improve the learning and innovation ability of migrants,guide rural households to participate in the construction of community-level self-governing organizations,provide skills training and employment information,etc.,so as to ensure the benefits of migrant workers and enhance the ability of migrants to cope with livelihood risks.