轴箱内置式车辆过道岔辙叉时动力学性能研究

Research on Dynamic Performance of the Inner Axlebox Vehicle Passing the Turnout Forks

道岔辙叉是引导铁道车辆转换线路的重要设备,但其复杂的构造会导致车辆通过时产生较大的轮轨相互作用,对车辆系统和轨道结构造成振动与冲击,因此也是铁路线路的一大薄弱环节。为了探明道岔辙叉垂向不平顺对轴箱内置式车辆动力学性能的影响,建立了考虑单元的轴箱内置式车辆动力学模型,考虑齿轮啮合及道岔辙叉区垂向不平顺等内、外部激励,研究了轴箱内置式车辆以不同速度直向通过固定型道岔辙叉时轮轨相互作用力及车辆系统关键部件振动等动力学特性。研究结果表明,固定型道岔辙叉区垂向不平顺会引起轮轨间极大的冲击作用,当轴箱内置式车辆通过时,轮轨相互作用力会明显增大,且车辆运行速度越大,轮轨冲击也越大。与此同时,轴箱、齿轮箱及电机等车辆系统关键部件也会受到固定型道岔辙叉区垂向不平顺的冲击影响,振动水平明显增大。道岔辙叉垂向不平顺同样也会对轴箱内置式车辆驱动单元造成冲击,使电机吊点、齿轮箱吊杆吊点承受较大的冲击载荷。

Turnout forks are crucial components that guide railway vehicles in changing tracks,but their complex structure can lead to significant wheel-rail interactions when vehicles pass through,causing vibrations and shocks on both the vehicle system and track structure.Thus,they are considered a major weak point in railway lines.To investigate the effects of vertical irregularities in turnout forks on the dynamic performance of the inner axlebox vehicle,a vehicle dynamic model considering the drive unit was established.Internal and external excitation such as the gear engagement and vertical irregularities in turnout forks were considered.The wheel-rail interaction forces and the vibrations of key components in the vehicle system were extracted when the vehicles pass through fixed turnout forks at different speeds in the straight direction.The research results indicate that the vertical irregularities induced by the fixed turnout fork cause significant shock forces between the wheel and rail.The wheel-rail interaction forces will increase significantly when the inner axlebox vehicle passes through the turnout.In addition,as the speed of vehicle increase,these impact forces also increase.At the same time,the key components of the vehicle system such as axleboxes,gearboxes,and motors are significantly affected by the impact of vertical irregularities induced by the fixed turnout,resulting in increased vibration levels.Moreover,vertical irregularities in turnout frocks impose substantial shock loads on the drive unit of the inner axlebox vehicle,affecting the motor suspension points and gearbox rod joint.