不同喂养方式对足月高危儿6月龄体格和神经发育的影响

Effect of different feeding patterns on the physical and neurological development of term born high-risk infants at 6 months of age

目的:探究纯母乳喂养和配方奶喂养下6月龄足月高危儿体格发育和神经发育情况。方法:选取2018年11月至2023年12月在深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院就诊的578例足月高危儿作为研究对象,根据纯母乳喂养和配方奶喂养2种喂养方式进行分组,测量并比较2组6月龄时身长、体质量和头围等体格发育指标,以及总发育商(Developmental quotient,DQ)、大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言和社会行为等神经心理发育指标。结果:在体格发育上,2组6月龄时身长、体质量和头围及其百分位比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在神经发育上,纯母乳喂养组的总DQ值显著高于配方奶喂养组(P=0.020),主要表现在大运动(P=0.009)和适应能力(P=0.002)上,而2组在精细运动、语言和社会行为表现上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与配方奶喂养相比,纯母乳喂养更有利于足月高危儿的神经心理发育,在母乳不足的情况下可使用配方奶补充喂养以促进高危儿的体格发育。

Objective:To explore the physical and neurological development of term born high-risk infants aged 6 months under breast feeding and formula feeding.Methods:A total of 578 term born high-risk infants who received treatment at Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital from November 2018 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects.They were categorized based on two feeding methods of breast feeding and formula feeding.Physical development indices such as length,weight,and head circumference at the age of 6 months,as well as neuropsychological development indicators such as total development quotient(DQ),gross motor,fine motor,adaptability,language,and social behavior were measured and compared between the two groups.Results:In terms of physical development,there were no significant differences(P>0.05)in the length,weight,head circumference,and their percentiles between the breast feeding group and the formula feeding group of high-risk infants aged 6 months.In terms of neural development,the total DQ value of the breast feeding group was significantly higher than that of the formula feeding group(P=0.020),mainly manifested in gross motor(P=0.009)and adaptability(P=0.002),while there was no statistical difference between the two groups in fine motor,language,and social behavior performance(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared with formula feeding,breast feeding is more conducive to the neuropsychological development of term born high-risk infants.When the breast feeding is insufficient,formula feeding can be used as supplement feeding to promote the physical growth of high-risk infants.