糯米糍荔枝高接换种试验

Nuomici Litchi Variety Improvement by Top Grafting

为探究不同荔枝品种在糯米糍上高接换种的表现,以期为糯米糍的高接换种提供参考依据,对7个荔枝品种高接在糯米糍大树上的成活率、叶片SPAD值、枝梢长度、物候期、单株产量和果实品质进行比较。结果表明:7个荔枝品种的嫁接成活率与对照糯米糍无显著差异,红绣球、唐夏红、水晶球、岭丰糯4个品种的叶片SPAD值显著高于糯米糍;冰荔、观音绿嫁接后第3年的枝梢生长量显著低于糯米糍,红绣球嫁接后第1年、第2年的枝梢生长量显著高于糯米糍;2021—2023年,7个供试品种的单株产量均值都高于糯米糍,其中红绣球、唐夏红和水晶球产量显著高于糯米糍;7个供试品种的单果质量、TSS含量、可食率、焦核率等果实品质性状均能表现出原有品质。综上可知,7个供试品种与糯米糍的嫁接亲和性好,均可对糯米糍进行高接换种。综合分析7个供试品种的嫁接表现、丰产稳产性、果实品质和经济效益等可知,冰荔、观音绿高接在糯米糍上产量不高,但品质特优,市场售价高于糯米糍,经济效益好,可作为糯米糍的首选替换品种;岭丰糯、井岗红糯的生长速度、投产时间、品质均接近糯米糍,并且裂果率低,成熟期晚,能错峰上市,可作为糯米糍的替换品种;水晶球、唐夏红与糯米糍嫁接亲和性好,虽然二者品质无法与糯米糍媲美,但丰产稳产性好,可作为保丰收的备选品种;红绣球高接在糯米糍上,投产快,产量高,但品质欠佳,经济效益不好,不建议大面积高接。

In order to explore the performance of different litchi varieties grafted on Nuomici,and to provide reference for variety improvement by top grafting of Nuomici,the survival rate,leaf SPAD value,branch length,phenology period,yield per plant and fruit quality of 7 litchi varieties grafted on adult Nuomici were compared in this study.The results showed that the graft survival rate of 7 litchi varieties was not significantly different with control,and the leaf SPAD values of 4 varieties Hongxiuqiu,Tangxiahong,Shuijingqiu and Lingfengnuo were significantly higher than that of Nuomici.The shoot tip growth of Bingli and Guanyinlv in the 3rd year after grafting was significantly lower than Nuomici,and that of Hongxiuqiu in the 1st and 2nd years after grafting was significantly higher than Nuomici.The average yield per plant of 7 varieties tested from 2021 to 2023 was higher than Nuomici,among which the yield of Hongxiuqiu,Tangxiahong and Shuijingqiu was significantly higher than Nuomici.Fruit quality traits such as single fruit weight,soluble solid content(TSS),edible rate and seed abortion rate of 7 tested varieties could showed the original quality.In summary,there was high graft compatibility between 7 litchi varieties and Nuomici,all the varieties were suitable for grafting on Nuomici.The comprehensive analysis of the grafting results,yielding ability,fruit quality and economic benefit of 7 litchi varieties show that,Bingli and Guanyinlv are the best replacement varieties for Nuomici,because of their high quality,expensive price and good economic returns,although their yield is not high.Lingfengnuo and Jingganghongnuo,whose growing speed,fruit time and quality are similar to Nuomici,are good replacement varieties for Nuomici,because of their low cracking rate and late mature time.Shuijingqiu and Tangxiahong are considerable replacement varieties for Nuomici,because of their high yield,although their quality are not as good as Nuomici.Hongxiuqiu is not a good replacement variety for Nuomici,because of its low quality and poor economic benefit,although it growth fast and yield highly.