氮磷钾配施对银杏叶片性状和营养元素含量的影响

Effects of N, P, and K fertilization on leaf characters and nutrient elements of Ginkgo biloba

【目的】探究不同氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)配比对银杏(Ginkgobiloba)叶片生长与叶片营养元素含量的影响,以期为银杏园开发叶用价值提供科学施肥的理论依据。【方法】以‘家佛指’银杏林为试验对象,采用3因素3水平试验设计,施肥处理包括T1(N1P1K0)、T2(N1P0K1)、T3(N0P1K1)、T4(N1P1K0.5)、T5(N1P0.5K1)、T6(N0.5P1K1)、T7(N1P1K1),并以不施肥为对照(CK),分析不同处理对银杏叶片性状以及营养元素含量的影响,并对银杏叶片SPAD值、单叶面积、叶含水量及叶营养元素含量进行相关性分析,运用模糊隶属函数与主成分分析综合评价不同配比措施的施肥效果。【结果】结果表明:不同施肥处理均能提高银杏叶片SPAD值和单叶面积,其中T4处理的叶片SPAD值最高(45.25),T6处理的单叶面积最大(12.96 cm^(2));T3处理的叶片含水量最高(65.72%);叶片SPAD值与叶片Ca含量存在显著正相关(P<0.05),N含量与P含量、N含量与K含量、P含量与K含量、Ca含量与Mg含量存在极显著的正相关(P<0.01)。合理的N、P、K施肥配比对银杏叶片养分含量的积累存在促进作用,但N、P、K过量或缺乏则会抑制叶营养元素的积累。综合评价结果表明,不同处理的施肥效果从大到小排序为T2>T6>T5>T7>T3>CK>T4>T1,T2(N1P0K1)即(N:0.20 kg/株+P:0 kg/株+K:0.24 kg/株)的施肥效果最好。【结论】氮磷钾配比施肥对银杏叶片的生长和营养元素的含量有显著影响,适宜比例的氮磷钾配施更有利于银杏叶片的生长发育。

【Objective】In order to provide a scientific basis for the development of leaf use value of Ginkgo biloba orchard,the effects of different combinations of N,P,and K fertilization on the leaf growth and leaf nutrient elements were investigated in G.biloba.【Method】Using the G.biloba cv.‘Fozhi’forest as the object,a three-factor and three-level experimental design was employed.Different combinations of N,P,and K fertilization application were set up,including T1(N1P1K0),T2(N1P0K1),T3(N0P1K1),T4(N1P1K0.5),T5(N1P0.5K1),T6(N0.5P1K1)and T7(N1P1K1),with no fertilizer application as the control(CK).The correlation analysis of the SPAD value,the single leaf area,the leaf water content and the leaf nutrient of G.biloba was carried out.The membership function and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the fertilization effect of different ratio measures.【Result】The results showed that different fertilization treatments increased the SPAD value and the single leaf area of G.biloba leaves.T4 treatment(45.25)was the highest of the SPAD value,T6 treatment was the highest(12.96 cm^(2))of the area leaves;T3 treatment was the highest(65.72%)of the leaf water content;The SPAD value was correlated the contents of Ca(P<0.05),the content of N and P,K,the content of P and K,the content of Ca and Mg were significantly positively correlated(P<0.01).The reasonable fertilization ratio of N,P and K promoted the accumulation of nutrient content in G.biloba leaves,meanwhile,the excessing or lacking of N,P and K inhibited the accumulation of nutrient elements in leaves.The order of comprehensive effects of fertilization on G.biloba leaves was T2>T6>T5>T7>T3>CK>T4>T1.T2(application of 0.20 kg N,0 kg P,0.24 kg K per plant)was the optimal fertilization scheme for G.biloba leaves on the contrary.【Conclusion】Different fertilization treatments have significant effects on the growth and nutrient content of G.biloba leaves.Reasonable fertilization is more beneficial to the growth and development of G.biloba leaves.