推进现代化产业体系建设:模式与产业链政策

Models and Industry Chain Policies for Promoting the Construction of Modern Industrial System

当今世界主要国家在推进现代化产业体系建设时,有“产业结构升级”与“产业组织优化”两种不同的逻辑和模式。由于技术变革和地缘政治冲突等原因,目前各国都在政策方向趋同与融合的基础上,不约而同地转向了在“产业链韧性与安全”的语境下,以产业链政策为中心的新模式和政策架构。在现代产业发展中,产业链政策综合了产业政策、竞争政策与其他政策的功能,具有使产生功能互补、目标一致的相容性特点。现代化产业体系与产业链现代化在经济理论的逻辑和内容上具有高度的一致性,由此决定了必须把产业链现代化摆到建设现代化产业体系的中心位置上来。以系统性、集成式产业链政策推进现代化产业体系建设,要做到:(1)从节点上设计产业链突破政策,解决产业链短板与强基础问题;(2)从连接上设计产业链协调政策,解决政策一致性与合力的问题;(3)从分工网络上设计鼓励产业链产业升级政策,解决产业地位问题;(4)从空间上设计产业链优化布局政策,解决全球产业链重组中可能发生的“断链脱钩”和产业链外移问题。

In today's global economy,major nations use two different strategies,namely"industrial structural upgrading"and"industrial organizational optimization",to drive the development of modern industrial systems.However,due to technological change and geopolitical conflicts,the focus is shifting to a new paradigm centered on policies designed to enhance the resilience and security of industrial chains.In modern industrial development,the industrial chain policy integrates the functions of industrial policy,competition policy and other policies,which can make itself complementary and consistent.The modern industrial system and industry chain modernization have a high degree of internal consistency,which means that industry chain modernization must be placed at the center of the construction of modern industrial system.To foster a systematic and integrated approach to industrial chain policy,it is imperative to design breakthrough policies targeting critical nodes within the industrial chain,devise coordination policies for seamless integration across various segments,promote policies that encourage structural upgrading from a labor division network perspective,and optimize spatial arrangements to address challenges arising from global industrial chain restructuring.In addition,it is also crucial to formulate spatial optimization policies aimed at mitigating issues such as"chain decoupling"and external relocation during the reorganization of global industrial chains.