“江淮”与“江淮之间”——关于“江淮”的地理概念史探

"Jiang-Huai"and"Jiang-Huai Area"——A Historical Exploration of the Geographical Concept of"Jiang-Huai"

要历史上的“江准”是一个变动不居的地理概念。先秦“江准”多被用来指代准、江二水或以“准”为界的南方地区。汉晋沿袭“江淮为南”,并延伸出“江淮”地理标识涵义,指涉地域由虚趋实,即为淮水与江水之间的部分地区。作为唐宋经济重心的“江淮”,泛指准水以南包括江水以南地区。“淮南”建制弥合了“江准”自然地理认知与行政区域之间不相统一的矛盾,“江准”为“江准之间”的认识趋于定型。元明清以来,“江准”逐渐失去了原有的地理基础,其地理属性让位于文化属性,常泛称各类不同的地方。“江北”也取代了“淮南”在原“江准”概念中的位置。“江准”概念及范围演变是自然地理环境与历史时期行政区划共同作用的结果,也与区域经济发展及经济中心的东迁南移相始终,更不能忽略历史渊源在其中扮演的重要角色。它提示我们应该注意“江准”在各个历史时期所呈现出的不同范围指向,而不能一概认为“江准”即是“江淮之间”。

Historically,the term"Jiang-Huai"has undergone constant evolution as a geographical concept.During the pre-Qin period,"Jiang-Huai"primarily referred to the Huai River,Yangtze,or the southern region bounded by the Huai River.The Han and Jin Dynasties expanded the meaning of"Jiang-Huai"to include the area between the virtual and real,specifically the region between the Huai River and Yangtze.As the economic center of gravity shifted to the Tang and Song Dynasties,"Jiang-Huai"came to encompass the area south of the Huai River,including the southern portion of the Yangtze.The establishment of"Huai-Nan"(淮南)helped reconcile the contradiction between the physical geographical understanding of"Jiang-Huai"and administrative regions,leading to a more standardized perception of'Jiang-Huai"as the region between the Huai River and Yangtze.However,since the Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties,"Jiang-Huai"has gradually lost its original geographical foundation and has taken on more cultural attributes,often being used to refer to various different places."Jiang-Bei"(江北)has also replaced"Huai-Nan"in the original concept of"Jiang-Huai".The evolution of the concept and scope of"Jiang-Huai"is a result of the interplay between natural geographical factors and administrative divisions throughout history.It also reflects the regional economic development and the eastward migration of the economic center towards the south.This serves as a reminder to consider the varying scopes and orientations of"Jiang-Huai"in different historical periods,rather than a general understanding of it as"Jiang-Huai area".