中国核电站反应堆技术路线的早期探索及现实启示--以秦山核电站为中心

Early Exploration and Practical Enlightenments of the Reactor Technical Route for Nuclear Power Plant in China--Surrounding the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant

反应堆技术路线的确立是核电站总体设计的第一步,对国家核电事业的发展具有极其重要的战略性意义。秦山核电站作为中国首座自主建设的核电站,其技术路线的早期探索深刻反映出中国核电站反应堆技术路线的变迁和实践历程。伴随着秦山核电站的筹划和设计,中国核电站反应堆技术路线发生了数次转变。第一阶段是1964-1966年,初步确定“孪生式反应堆”路线;第二阶段是1966-1970年,建设意向先转为“实验性核动力反应堆”,后又转为“天然铀石墨气冷堆”和“高温气冷堆”;第三阶段是1970-1974年,技术路线经历了“熔盐堆”与“压水堆”之争。中国核电站反应堆技术路线早期探索的历史经验,至今仍具有现实启发意义。

The establishment of the reactor technical route is the first step in the overall design of the nuclear power plant,which has important strategic significance for the development of the national nuclear power industry.As the first self-built nuclear power plant in China,the early exploration of the technical route of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant deeply reflects the changes and practice of the reactor technical route for nuclear power plant in China.With the construction of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant,the reactor technical route for nuclear power plant in China has undergone several changes.The first stage was 1964-1966,when the“twin reactor”route was initially determined.The second stage was 1966-1970,the construction goal first changed to“experimental nuclear power reactor”,and then to“natural uranium graphite gas cooled reactor”and“high temperature gas cooled reactor”.The third stage was 1970-1974,the technical route experienced the controversy between“molten salt reactor”and“pressurized water reactor”.Looking back on the historical experiences of the early exploration of the reactor technical route for nuclear power plant in China,it is still of practical significance.