中国城市的创新韧性及提升:基于交通基础设施建设视角

Urban Innovation Resilience and Improvement in China:From the Perspective of Transportation Infrastructure Construction

本文基于中国地级市面板数据,使用共同因子模型测度中国城市创新韧性,从交通基础设施建设视角阐释其对城市创新韧性的影响机理,并以城市高铁开通作为一项准自然实验进行实证检验。研究发现:①中国城市创新韧性呈现出区域非均衡性,东部地区最高,中部地区次之,西部地区最低;②高铁显著提升了城市创新韧性,高铁开通使城市创新韧性提升约1.355个单位,但该作用存在“最优半径”;③城市在高铁网络中的功能分异使高铁通车产生异质性处理效应,城市在高铁网络中的联系广度和中心度越高,高铁通车对城市创新韧性的提升作用越大;④通过吸引人口流入、新企业进入以及提升产业多样化集聚水平,高铁通车提升了城市创新韧性;⑤高铁通车促进了创新要素自由流动,同时也扩大了城市创新韧性的空间差距。

Based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities in China,this paper uses the common factor model to measure the innovation resilience of Chinese cities,explains the impact mechanism of transportation infrastructure construction on urban innovation resilience,and takes the opening of urban high-speed rail as a quasi-natural experiment for empirical test.The findings are as follows:①China's urban innovation resilience presents regional imbalances.The eastern region is the highest,followed by the central region,and the western region is the lowest.②High-speed rail has significantly improved the resilience of urban innovation.The opening of high-speed rail has increased the urban innovation resilience by about 1.355 units,but there is an“optimal radius”for this effect.③The function differentiation of cities in the high-speed rail network leads to the heterogeneity processing effect of the opening of high-speed rail.The higher the connection breadth and centrality of cities in the high-speed rail network,the greater the effect of the opening of high-speed rail on the improvement of urban innovation resilience.④By attracting population inflows,new enterprises entering,and enhancing the level of industrial diversification and agglomeration,the opening of high-speed rail has improved urban innovation resilience.⑤While promoting the free flow of innovative elements,the opening of high-speed rail also widens the spatial gap of urban innovation resilience.