FDI促进城市创业的机制与实证分析--来自中国地级市的经验证据

Does FDI Boost City Entrepreneurship?The Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence from Prefecture Cities in China

城市创业活动是推动经济增长、优化资源配置和促进社会发展的重要途径。外商直接投资是影响创业活跃度的重要因素。本文基于国家市场监督管理总局新创办企业数据和中国城市统计年鉴的匹配数据,使用固定效应模型和工具变量方法实证分析外商直接投资对城市创业的影响及机制。结果表明:①外商直接投资能提高城市创业活跃度;②基于替换核心被解释变量、变换样本区间、剔除FDI引入量靠前省份的城市以及IV-2SLS、系统-GMM方法等发现,外商直接投资对城市创业的影响具有稳健性;③异质性分析表明,FDI能显著促进高城镇化水平、高金融发展水平和产业结构合理的城市创业;④机制分析表明,FDI能够通过需求创造效应、技术创新效应和人力资本效应提升城市创业活跃度。本研究丰富了FDI与城市创业研究的相关文献,对继续深入推进对外开放政策和城市高质量发展具有启示意义。

Promoting urban entrepreneurial activities is an effective way to boost economic growth,optimize resource allocation and promote social progress.Foreign direct investment(FDI)is an important factor influencing entrepreneurial activity.This paper empirically analyzes the impact of FDI on urban entrepreneurship and its mechanisms using fixed-effects models and instrumental variable methods based on data on newly founded enterprises from the State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and matched data from China City Statistical Yearbook.The results show that①FDI can promote the increase of entrepreneurial activity in cities.②Based on the findings of replacing the core explanatory variables,transforming the sample intervals,eliminating the cities in the provinces with the highest inward FDI,and the IV-2SLS and system-GMM methods,the impact of FDI on urban entrepreneurship is robust.③The heterogeneity analysis shows that FDI significantly promotes high urbanization level,high financial development level and industrial structure upgrading of urban entrepreneurship.④Mechanism analysis shows that FDI can enhance urban entrepreneurial activity through demand creation effect,technological innovation effect and human capital effect.This study has enriched the relevant literature on FDI and urban entrepreneurship research,and has implications for further promoting the opening-up policy and high-quality urban development.