过渡期退役士兵生命意义感团体心理训练方案构建及效果评价

Construction and efficacy evaluation of a group psychological training program for enhancing the sense of meaning in life for transitional retired soldiers

目的构建过渡期退役士兵生命意义感团体心理训练方案,并评价其训练效果。方法应用德尔菲法,构建过渡期退役士兵团体心理训练方案。整群抽取山东某市参加退役培训的64名过渡期退役士兵为研究对象,分为训练组(n=31)和对照组(n=33)。训练组进行8次(2次/周、1.5~2h/次)的团体心理训练,对照组进行常规退役培训。运用生命意义感量表(purpose in life test,PIL)、知觉压力量表(Chinese perceived stress scale,CPSS)、社会适应能力量表(social adaptability scale,SAS),在训练前(T1)、训练结束(T2)、训练后1个月(T3)对成员进行评估。结果①两轮专家咨询结果显示,专家权威系数(Cr)为0.89,肯德尔系数(ω)分别为0.134、0.204(P<0.001),变异系数为0.05~0.14。生命意义感团体心理训练方案包括5个一级指标,8个二级指标,30个三级指标。②训练后组别和时间的交互作用结果显示,训练组在生命意义感总分及各维度得分、社会适应能力总分(P<0.001)均显著高于对照组;知觉压力总分显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。③训练后组别主效应结果显示,训练组在生命意义感总分及各维度得分、社会适应能力总分(P<0.01)均显著高于对照组;知觉压力总分显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。④训练后时间主效应结果显示,训练组在生命意义感总分及各维度得分(P<0.05)、社会适应能力总分(P<0.001)均显著高于对照组;知觉压力总分显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。结论生命意义感团体心理训练能有效提升过渡期退役士兵的生命意义感水平,缓解知觉压力,增强过渡期退役士兵的社会适应能力。

Objective To develop a group psychological training program to cultivate a sense of meaning in life for retired soldiers during the transitional period,and to explore the efficacy of the training.Methods A psychological training program for retired soldiers during the transitional period was developed based on Delphi method.A total of 64 retired soldiers who participated in a retirement training in transitional period were subjected through cluster sampling in a certain city in Shandong province and assigned into a training group(n=31)and a control group(n=33).The training group attended group psychological training based on the developed training program(twice a week,1.5~2 h each time,for 4 weeks),and the control group received routine adaptive training for retirement.Purpose in Life(PIL)Test,Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS)and Social Adaptability Scale(SAS)were used to survey the participants before(T1),and at the end of(T2)and 1 month after the training(T3).Results①The results of 2 rounds of expert consultation showed that the coefficient of authority(Cr)was 0.89,and the Kendall's coefficient(ω)of the 2 rounds was 0.134 and 0.204,respectively(P<0.001),with a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.05 to 0.14.The prepared group psychological training program consisted of 3 first-level indexes,6 second-level indexes,and 24 third-level indexes.②The results of the interaction between group and time after training showed that the training group had significantly higher total score and score of each dimension in sense of meaning in life,and increased total score of social adaptability,but lower total score of perceived stress when compared with the control group(all P<0.001).③The results of group main effect after training indicated that obviously higher total score and score of each dimension in sense of meaning in life(P<0.01),elevated total score of social adaptability(P<0.01),and reduced total score of perceived stress(P<0.001)were observed in the training group than the control group.④The results of the post-training time main effect revealed that the training group had notably higher total score and score of each dimension in sense of meaning in life(P<0.05),increased total score of social adaptability(P<0.001),and decreased total score of perceived stress(P<0.001)when compared with the control group.Conclusion Our developed group psychological training can significantly improve the sense of meaning in life,reduce perceived stress and improve their social adaptation ability for retired soldiers during the transitional period.