大球盖菇栽培技术研究

Study on Cultivation Technology of Stropharia rugoso-annulata

[目的]解决北方地区大球盖菇冷棚栽培生产过程中技术来源混乱、标准缺失等问题,完善适于本地区的标准化、优质化栽培技术模式。[方法]对比不同配方、播种方式、覆盖物处理方式以及菌床规格对大球盖菇发菌、原基形成、出菇时间以及产量的影响。[结果]20%玉米秸秆、20%玉米芯、30%菌糠、20%稻壳、10%柞木屑的栽培配方综合生产周期和产量表现最好;其他条件一致情况下,点播、条播和撒播3种不同播种方式对大球盖菇生育周期及产量没有统计学影响;覆土对大球盖菇产量提升存在显著的促进作用,发菌完成后覆土可以缩短发菌时间;0.6 m宽菌床对于大球盖菇菌丝生长和产量提升具有明显的促进作用。[结论]大球盖菇栽培过程中复合型培养配方、窄距菌床以及发菌结束后覆土等技术的应用,可有效缩短生产周期、提高产量。

[Objective]The aim was to solve the problems such as chaotic technical sources and lack of standards in the cold shed cultivation and production of Stropharia rugoso-annulata in northern China,and perfect the standardized and high-quality cultivation technology model suitable for this region.[Method]Experiments were conducted to compare the effects of different formulations,seeding methods,mulch treatment methods and bed specifications on the development of bacteria,primordium formation,fruiting time and yield.[Result]20%corn straw,20%corncob,30%fungus bran,20%rice husk and 10%tussah sawdust showed the best performance in the comprehensive production cycle data and yield data.Under the same other conditions,the three different sowing methods of on-demand sowing,in-line sowing and broadcast sowing had no statistical effect on the growth cycle and yield of S.rugoso-annulata.Soil covering has a significant effect on the increase of yield,and soil covering can shorten the time of bacteria development after the completion of bacteria development.The wide bed of 0.6 m had a significant promoting effect on the mycelia growth and yield of S.rugoso-annulata.[Conclusion]The application of compound culture formula,narrow-distance bed and soil cover technology in the cultivation of S.rugoso-annulata can effectively shorten the production cycle and increase the yield.