清江浦区农业外来入侵植物初步调查与分析

Investigation and Reasearch of Agricultural Alien Invasive Plants in Qignjiangpu District

[目的]全面摸清淮安市清江浦区农业外来入侵植物的种类构成、原产地、发生频次和危害等级划分,保护好清江浦区生态系统,为农业外来入侵植物防控和保护当地生物安全提供参考依据。[方法]根据清江浦区农业区域分布,设计6条踏查路线60个踏查点,分春秋两季进行实地踏查并做好记录,完成清江浦区外来入侵植物种类、等级、生境、发生面积等普查。对于危害严重的物种开展样地调查,采用样方法进行记录。[结果]淮安市清江浦区共发现外来入侵植物74种,隶属19科51属,其中菊科(13属17种)、苋科(3属7种)、豆科(7属11种)和禾本科(5属6种)为优势科,占物种总数的55.41%;种类最多的属为大戟属(5种)和苋属(5种);38种入侵植物原产地为美洲,占发现物种总数的51.35%。前9位发生频次均超过了80%,在清江浦区属于优势种。1级恶性入侵种11种,占发现入侵物种数的14.86%;2级严重入侵种8种,占10.81%。[结论]8种恶性入侵植物属于重点管理目录,个别物种已严重威胁农业生产和生态系统,相关部门应引起高度重视,及时采取有效防控措施。

[Objective]The aim was to comprehensively understand the species composition,origin,occurrence frequency,and hazard level of agricultural invasive plants in Qingjiangpu district of Huai’an city,protect the local ecosystem,ensure agricultural production,and provide reference basis for the prevention and control of agricultural invasive plants and the protection of local biological security.[Method]Based on the distribution of agricultural areas in Qingjiangpu district,it was designed 6 inspection routes with 60 inspection points investigated in spring and autumn.Relative records was kept to complete a census of the types,registration,habitat,and occurrence area of industrial invasive plants.Species with serious hazards were additionally surveyed and recorded by using sampling methods.[Result]74 species of invasive plants were found in Qingjiangpu district,belonging to 19 families and 51 generas.Asteraceae(13 genera and 17 species),Amaranthaceae(3 genera and 7 species),Leguminosae(7 genera and 11 species),and Poaceae(5 genera and 6 species)were the dominant families,accounting for 55.41%of the total discovered species.The genera with the most species were Euphorbia(5 species)and Amaranthus(5 species).The origin mainly came from Americas,with a total of 38 species,accounting for 51.35%of the total discovered species.According to the frequency of occurrence,the top 9 species exceeded 80%,belonging to the dominant species in Qingjiangpu district.11 species of grade 1 malignant invasion,accounting for 14.86%of the total number of discovered invasive plant;8 species of grade 2 severe invasion,accounting for 10.81%.[Conclusion]Eight specifications of malignant invasive plants were found belonging to key monitoring list of invasive plants Qingjiangpu District,and individual species pose a serious threat and damage to agricultural production and ecosystems.Relevant departments should attach great importance t,and take effective prevention and control measures in a timely manner.