也谈“什么是‘法政策学’”——源流、样态与前景杨军

On“What is Rechtspolitik”:Origin,Patterns and Prospects

当前,学界对“什么是‘法政策学’”的问题依然见仁见智。通过词源的整理可以发现,中文术语中的法政策学与法律政策学、政策法学在指涉对象上是混同的。不过,它们的外文词源却指向Rechtspolitik(欧陆法政策学)和Policy-Science of Law(拉-麦法政策学)两种不同的研究范式。前者主要是针对法律与法律政策关系的研究,将法律和法律政策视为规范体系,立足于通过规范内涵的分析和批判来实现二者关系的规范化。后者则是法律的政策科学研究,将法律视为一种决策过程,旨在通过揭示法律决策的规律来实现法律决策的科学化。两者的研究对象、视角、内容、方法、功能都存在明显区别,共同构成了“什么是‘法政策学’”的答案。比较而言,欧陆法政策学的独特性较为稀薄,正面临着日渐衰落的风险。而拉-麦法政策学的独特性则较为明显,具有更为明显的发展潜力。

Nowadays,the academic circle still has different opinions on“what is Rechtspolitik(jurisprudence of law and policy)”.An analysis of the etymology of the term reveals that in Chinese,terms like“jurisprudence of law and policy”,“legal policy studies”,and“policy law studies”are often used interchangeably.However,their foreign-language origins indicate two distinct research paradigms:Rechtspolitik(continental jurisprudence of law and policy)and Policy-Science of Law(Lasswell-McDougal jurisprudence of law and policy).The former primarily examines the relationship between law and legal policy,regards law and legal policy as normative systems,and aims to the normalization of the relationship between them through normative analysis and critique.The latter is the policy science research of law,which regards law as a decision-making process and aims to the scientization of legal decision-making by uncovering the laws of legal decision-making.These two paradigms differ significantly in their research objects,perspectives,contents,methods and functions,collectively shaping the answer to“What is Rechtspolitik”.Comparatively,continental jurisprudence of law and policy has less distinctive uniqueness and faces a risk of gradual decline,whereas Lasswell-McDougal jurisprudence of law and policy displays clearer uniqueness and greater potential for development.