科学启蒙亟待升级转型:美国12州高质量早期科学学习标准的文本比较

Science Enlightenment Needs Upgrade and Transformation:A Textual Comparison of High-Quality Early Science Learning Standards in 12 US States

近年美国科学启蒙教育的最新研究成果集中体现为各州早期科学学习标准的优化。遵循样本筛选、框架确立、比较分析和思考建议四个步骤,运用质性分析软件MAXQDA对美国最新修订的12州早期科学学习标准进行比较研究。研究发现,在整合与进阶的背景下,美国12州早期科学学习标准共同反映出对标准要求和标准实现两个维度的关注。在标准要求维度,各州都强调将科学“大概念”作为幼儿学习进阶的目标和内容;在标准实现维度,各州都重视用适宜的幼儿学习方式和教师支持策略推动标准要求落实。由此,提出我国新时代科学启蒙教育在质量追求、内容框架和具体实践三方面升级转型的政策建议。

The latest research achievements in the scientific enlightenment system in the United States in recent years are mainly reflected in the optimizations of early scientific learning standards in various states.Following the four steps of sample selection,framework establishment,comparative analysis,and reflection suggestions,this study used the qualitative analysis software MAXQDA to conduct a comparative study of the latest revised 12 state early science learning standards in the United States.Research has found that in the context of integration and advancement,the early scientific learning standards of the 12 states in the United States collectively reflect a focus on two dimensions:standard requirements and standard implementation.In the dimension of standard requirements,each state emphasizes the use of scientific“big concepts”as the goal and content for children’s advanced learning;In the dimension of standard implementation,each state attaches great importance to promoting the implementation of standard requirements through appropriate learning methods and teacher support strategies for young children.Therefore,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the upgrading and transformation of scientific enlightenment education in the new era in three aspects:quality pursuit,content framework and concrete practice.