《局外人》中默尔索“替罪羊”之死研究

A Study on the Death of Meursault’s“Scapegoat”in L’Étrange

法国作家加缪的代表作《局外人》中主人公默尔索因冲动杀害一位阿拉伯人而被判入狱,庭审却聚焦于他在母亲葬礼上冷酷无情的表现,最终判处其死刑。默尔索表面上看起来是一位偏离社会正常规范和秩序的怪人,实则不然,他是一位能够洞悉社会和文化中荒诞的清醒者和旁观者。所以他拒绝说谎,拒绝参与“庭审游戏”,坚持自由人身份,最终欣然接受死亡。从勒内·吉拉尔提出的迫害文本四个范式和替罪羊机制理论出发,解读默尔索被判死刑的背后原因,并以此来证实默尔索是荒诞社会下集体暴力的受害者,他是以“替罪羊”身份接受死亡。

Meursault,the hero of French writer Camus’s masterpiece L’Étrange,was sentenced to prison for killing an Arab on impulse,but the trial focused on his callous performance at his mother’s funeral and finally sentenced him to death.On the surface,Meursault seems to be an eccentric who deviates from the normal norms and order of the society,but in fact,he is a sober person and a bystander who can discern the absurdity of the society and culture.Therefore,he refused to lie,refused to participate in the“trial game”,insisted on the identity of a free man,and finally accepted death.Starting from the four paradigms of persecution text and the scapegoat mechanism theory proposed by RenéGirard,this paper interprets the reasons behind Meursault’s death sentence,and proves that Meursault is a victim of collective violence under the absurd society,and he accepts death as a“scapegoat”.