上海市水源地有机磷酸酯类化合物的污染特性和风险评价

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of organophosphate esters pollutants in water source from Shanghai, China

有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)是一类受到广泛关注的新污染物.为更好地了解其在城市水环境的污染现状,本文分析了上海市3个水源地表层水的OPEs赋存特性,探讨了可能的生态健康影响.首先,水源地表层水中普遍存在多种OPEs,16种OPEs总浓度为83.9—851 ng·L^(−1)(中值:279 ng·L^(−1));主要污染物包括磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)和磷酯三丁酯(TnBP)等.其次,表层水OPEs污染具有较强的时间变化特点,浓度变化呈现出采样点差异性,而组成分布变化具有相似性.初步探讨了降雨量对OPEs污染水平的可能影响,发现两者并未表现出明显的关联.另外,统计学分析结果表明,地表水OPEs的来源可能较为复杂.风险评估结果提示TnBP和2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯(EHDPP)等对水生生物可产生低至中等生态风险,亟需重视;而目前通过饮水产生的健康风险较低.

As emerging pollutants,organophosphate esters(OPEs)have been widely concerned in recent years.To further understand their occurrences in aquatic environments surrounding metropolitan areas,the distribution characteristics of OPEs in surface water from three water source areas(A,B,C)in Shanghai,China were studied,along with their potential ecological and health impacts.OPEs were prevalent in surface water,with total concentrations ranging from 83.9 ng·L^(-1) to 851 ng·L^(-1)(median 279 ng·L^(-1)).Among the 16 individual OPEs,tri(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCPP),tributyl phosphate(TnBP),and two others were the dominant pollutants.Obvious temporal variations were observed in water source area A and B,however,while the concentration trends differed,the compositional distribution changes were similar between these two areas.The potential impact of rainfall was preliminarily examined,but no discernible correlation with contamination levels was found in area A or B.Additional,the original sources of OPEs in surface water were likely complex.Risk assessments indicated that the ecological risks of these triesters to aquatic organisms were low to moderate,primarily due to TnBP and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP),which warrant closer attention.However,the potential health risk through drinking water was currently negligible.