数字人文视阈下的历史研究线索挖掘与应用

Mining and Applying Historical Research Clues:A Digital Humanities Perspective

为增强数字人文历史研究的可解释性,文章提出“历史研究线索”概念,将其界定为发现和论证史实的依据,以历史研究线索的挖掘与应用为核心,实现数字人文历史研究与传统历史研究的关联互动。首先,分析历史研究线索在历史研究过程中的呈现形式与作用,梳理历史研究线索挖掘与应用逻辑;接着,基于数字人文技术体系构建历史研究线索挖掘与应用路径;最后,以南京大屠杀为例挖掘历史研究线索,验证路径的可行性。研究发现:历史研究线索呈现为史料资源、史料资源实体、史料资源内容关联关系三类,前两类通过学术史梳理挖掘而得,可以支撑关键问题明确与史料资源知识重构,第三类由专家质性总结与量化分析挖掘而得,能够对已有史实进行补充与论证。作为史料收集、内容解析、关联组织的依据,历史研究线索可以支撑历史研究开展,而其挖掘与应用路径能够为关联数字人文历史研究与传统历史研究提供理论指导与方法支撑。

In order to improve the interpretability of digital humanities historical research,this paper introduces the concept of"historical research clues",which is defined as the basis for discovering and verifying historical facts.Focusing on the exploration and application of historical research clues,the paper aims to establish a correlation and interaction between digital humanities historical research and traditional historical research.First,it analyzes the expressive form and role of research clues in historical studies,and sorts out the logic of mining and applying historical research clues.Then,it proposes a path to explore and apply historical research clues based on the digital humanities technology system.Finally,it takes the Nanjing Massacre as a case study to demonstrate how to mine the research clues and prove the feasibility of the proposed path.The study suggests that historical research clues can be presented in three categories:historical resources,historical resource entities,and content correlation between historical resources.The first two categories could be unearthed through academic history review,thus clarifying the key issues and reconstructing historical knowledge;the third category is unearthed through experts’qualitative summary and quantitative analysis,which can supplement and verify the existing historical facts.The mining and application path of research clues underlying historical research provides theoretical guidance and methodological support for linking digital humanities historical research with traditional historical research.