城乡双向户籍制度改革与城乡人口双向流动融合

Urban-rural Dual Household Registration System Reform and Integration of Two-way Population Flow between Urban and Rural Areas

城乡融合发展的重要标志是人口城乡双向流动与融合,而户籍制度改革滞后造成城乡人口双向流动障碍:城市户籍制度改革滞后造成农村人口向城市转移面临“落户困境”,农村户籍制度改革滞后造成城市人口向农村转移面临“下乡困境”。通过分析农业转移人口与土地的关系、市民化与落户的关系,澄清导致“落户困境”与“下乡困境”的两个认识误区,提出从职业而非身份重新认识农业转移人口群体属性、从居住而非身份重新认识农业转移人口市民化依托载体的新视角,得出通过城乡双向户籍制度改革促进城乡人口双向流动融合的政策建议,包括以“经常居住地”为公共服务载体推进农业转移人口市民化,以“劳动群众集体”为成员资格识别原则推进农业转移人口市民化和下乡市民村民化。

A key indicator of high-quality integrated urban-rural development is the bidirectional movement of people between urban and rural areas.However,the presence of the“Settlement Paradox”and the“Return Migration Paradox”among agricultural migrant workers results in suboptimal population flow between urban and rural areas and a lower quality of integrated urban-rural development.By examining the interplay between the rural population and land,as well as the relationship between urbanization and settlement,this paper elucidates two misconceptions that give rise to the dual paradoxes in urban-rural population movement.The paper offers a novel perspective by re-evaluating the group attribute of the agricultural migrant population through their occupation rather than identity and by identifying the support mechanism for the urbanization of agricultural migrant workers based on residency rather than identity.It presents policy suggestions to further reform the household registration system and to foster high-quality integrated urban-rural development.These recommendations include:advancing the urbanization of the migrant agricultural population on the basis of“residential registration”and facilitating the non-farming transition of the migrant agricultural population grounded in the principle of“collective working people”.