城乡融合的动力机制与路径选择

Driving Mechanisms and Path Choices for Urban-rural Integration

在全面实施乡村振兴战略中,中国的城乡关系呈现三种不同的模式:农村普遍空心化、人口和资源高度集聚县城的集中型模式,城乡相互交流融合的互动型模式,公共服务资源下沉乡镇的服务型模式。之所以形成不同的城乡关系模式,是因为农民流动的推动力已经从寻找就业机会转向获取公共服务,农民的流动模式也逐渐从城乡之间反复迁移转变为在能够满足其公共服务需求的地方寻求稳定生活。受到人口密度、地理条件、经济发展水平和地方文化等因素影响,不同地区的公共服务成本和政府提供公共服务的能力不同,导致公共服务供给方式不同,进一步影响了农民对生活地点的选择,由此产生了不同的城乡关系模式。理解城乡关系的多样性与动力机制的变迁,对于新时期城乡融合发展、新型城镇化和乡村振兴均具有重要意义。

In the comprehensive implementation process of the rural revitalization strategy,China's urban-rural relations have manifested in three distinctive patterns:the county-centered model,where population and resources are highly concentrated in county towns while rural areas experience widespread hollowing out;the interactive model,where urban and rural areas mutually exchange and integrate;and the service-oriented model,where service resources are extended to rural areas.The reason for the formation of different urban-rural relationship models is that the driving force behind peasant mobility has shifted from seeking employment opportunities to accessing public services.Peasants'urban-rural mobility patterns have gradually transitioned from repetitive mobility between urban and rural areas to seeking stable lives in places where their demands for public services could be satisfied.Impacted by population density,geographic conditions,levels of economic development,and local cultures,the cost of public services and the government's capacity to provide public services in different regions vary,which leads to different provision modes of public services,thereby influencing peasants'choices of where to live and giving rise to different urban-rural relationship models.Understanding the diversity and changing dynamics of urban-rural relationship models is crucial for the integrated development of urban and rural areas,new urbanization,and rural revitalization in the new era.