“禅让—鬼神—天命”的舆情认知与先秦政道的价值观生产

The Cognitive Path of“Abdication-Worship of Ghosts and Gods-Belief in the Mandate of Heaven”and the Value Production of Pre-Qin Political Ideals

“天理民心”是公众对社会舆情的习惯指称。从社会治理角度看,“天理”主要指的是统治权的合法性和道德性基础,即政道;“民心”体现的主要是治者的“驭民之术”和治理观念,即治道。“天理”概念是在宋明时期发展定型的,但作为“天理”的前置概念的“天命观”,在先秦时期就已成为主导的舆情观。先秦政道落实到“天命观”是一个历史的发展过程,是原始自然法在舆情观念中的进化和沉淀。先秦政道的认知路径是“禅让—鬼神—天命”,它从集体心理感知到的、体现“多数人意见”的禅让制开始,以抽象的完美的“天命观”结束,最终为先秦王权寻找到坚固的政道基石。成熟的“天命观”包含着一系列具体的价值观,它们都是“王—巫—士”联盟制造的精神产品。王、巫、士是先秦的意见领袖群体,他们协同制造的这套主流价值观,通过精心包装和传播,最终成为大众意识形态的坚定信仰。

,perfected“view of tianming”.This eventually established a solid foundation for Pre-Qin kingship.The mature“view of tianming”embodies a set of specific values,which were spiritual products created by the“king-witch-scholar”alliance.The king,witch,and scholar were the opinion leaders of the Pre-Qin period.The mainstream values crafted by their alliance,carefully packaged and disseminated,ultimately became a steadfast belief in mass ideology.