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银川市绿化植物叶片滞尘量及对氟、硫污染物的吸收研究

A Study on Leaf Dust Retention and Absorption of Fluorine and Sulfur Pollutants in Yinchuan City
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摘要 干旱区城市粉尘和工业排放的氟、硫化合物是大气污染的重要来源。园林植物能够阻滞粉尘、吸收一部分大气污染物。为探究银川市绿化植物对粉尘的影响及叶片对氟、硫化合物的吸收能力,在银川市区和宁东工业园区对主要绿化树种叶片取样,分析了不同树种粉尘滞留量和氟、硫含量的分布。结果表明:①银川森林公园15种树木叶片滞尘量为3.91~29046.85mg·dm^(-2),常绿树种叶片滞尘量显著高于落叶树种,常绿树种中侧柏叶片滞尘量最高;②森林公园15种植物叶片氟元素平均含量为13.75mg·kg^(-1),硫元素平均含量为2393.27mg·kg^(-1);宁东工业园区21种植物叶片氟元素平均含量为22.04 mg·kg^(-1),硫元素平均含量为1361.52 mg·kg^(-1)。油松叶片对氟元素的吸收能力最强,其次为卫矛球、黑麦草、碧桃、紫叶李、臭椿、圆柏。旱柳叶片对硫元素的吸收能力最强,其次为金银忍冬、榆叶梅、垂柳、丝棉木;③对比森林公园和宁东工业园区土壤氟、硫含量可知,森林公园土壤氟含量较高,宁东工业园区土壤硫含量较高,叶片氟、硫元素含量与土壤氟、硫元素含量高低不具有一致性。从本研究的结果来看,针叶树种对粉尘的吸附能力强,在城市林业建设中,作为防治粉尘污染的树种可优先选用。垂柳、丝棉木、沙枣等对大气硫吸收能力较强的树种可在大气硫污染较重的区域配置,以减缓硫污染,而且这些树种对大气中的氟化物亦有很强的吸收净化能力,是很有潜力的工业区绿化植物。 Urban dust and industrial emission of fluorine sulfur compounds are important sources of air pollution in arid areas.Garden plants can block dust and absorb some air pollutants.In order to investigate the influence of green plants on dust and the absorption capacity of fluorine sulfur compounds in leaves in Yinchuan City,the leaves of major green tree species were sampled in Yinchuan City and Ningdong Industrial Park,and the distribution of dust retention and fluorine sulfur content of different tree species were analyzed.The results showed as follows:①The leaf dust retention of 15 kinds of trees in Yinchuan Forest Park ranged from 3.91 to 29046.85 mg·dm^(-2).The leaf dust retention of evergreen tree was significantly higher than that of deciduous trees,and the leaf dust retention of Platycladus orientaliss in evergreen trees was the highest.②The average content of fluorine and sulfur in the leaves of 15 plants in forest park was 13.75 mg·kg^(-1) and 2393.27 mg·kg^(-1) respectively.The average content of fluorine and sulfur in the leaves of 21 plants in Ningdong Industrial Zone was 22.04 mg·kg^(-1) and 1361.52 mg·kg^(-1).The leaves of Pinus tabulaeforms Carr.had the strongest absorption capacity of fluorine,followed by Euonymus,Lolium perenne,Amygdalus persica'Duplex',Prunus cerasifera'Atropurpurea',Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle and Juniperus chinensis L.The sulfur absorption capacity of the leaves of Salix matsudana was the strongest,followed by Lonicera maackii(Rupr.)Maxim.,Prunus triloba Lindl.,Salix babylonica L.and Euonymus maackii Rupr..③The comparison of soil fluorine sulfur content between forest park and Ningdong Industrial Park showed that the soil fluorine content in forest park was significantly higher than that in Ningdong Industrial Park,the content of soil sulfur in Ningdong industrial zone was significantly higher than that in forest park and the soil fluorine sulfur content in leaves was not consistent with that in soil.According to the results of this study,coniferous tree species have strong adsorption capacity for dust,and can be preferred as the tree species to control dust pollution in urban forestry construction.The tree species with strong atmospheric sulfur absorption ability,such as Salix babylonica L.,Euonymus maackii Rupr.and Elaegnus angustifolia L.,can be deployed in the area with heavy atmospheric sulfur pollution to reduce sulfur pollution,and these tree species also have strong absorption and purification ability of fluoride in the atmosphere,so they are very potential green plants in industrial areas.
作者 王文帆 许浩 马丽慧 Wang Wenfan;Xu Hao;Ma Lihui(Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Ningxia Key Laboratory of Desertification Control and Soil and Water Conservation,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)
出处 《宁夏农林科技》 2024年第10期45-51,共7页 Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology
基金 宁夏重点研发计划项目“宁夏沿黄城市带城市林业系统主要生态功能研究与示范”(2019BFG02024) 中央引导地方科技发展专项“宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室平台建设”(2021FRD05020) 宁夏绿创生态修复创新中心科研项目“贺兰山乡土植物引选及在矿山生态修复中的应用研究” 宁夏回族自治区312人才计划资助。
关键词 绿化植物 滞尘量 大气污染 Greening plants Dust retention Fluorine Sulfur Air pollution
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