基于药草比控制的中药材田间杂草防除措施初探

Preliminary Study on Weed Control in Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Control of Ratio of Medicine and Weed

杂草是农业生态系统的重要组成部分。中药生态农业倡导中药材仿野生种植和拟境栽培种植模式,种植过程中,保留一定数量的杂草,尤其是野生群落中常见的伴生杂草,最大程度地模拟原生态环境,从而提升中药材产量和品质,提高栽培中药材的经济效益。以中药生态农业关于杂草防控理论为指导思想,探讨了基于药草比控制的中药材栽培田间杂草控制措施;同时以甘草为例,探讨了栽培甘草整个生育期杂草最佳防除频率。结果表明:每隔28 d除一次杂草的甘草品质最佳,经济效益最高。这种杂草防除措施可使甘草与杂草在密度、多样性和盖度方面的配比达到最佳平衡值,这为今后中药材仿野生种植和逆境栽培种植过程中杂草防除拓宽了研究思路。

Weeds are an important part of agroecosystems.Traditional Chinese medicine eco-agriculture advocates wild imitation planting and simulated cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials.During the planting process,a certain number of weeds,especially associated weeds commonly found in wild communities,are retained to simulate the original ecological environment to the greatest extent,so as to improve the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials and improve the economic benefits of cultivating Chinese medicinal materials.Based on the theory of weed control in TCM eco-agriculture,the weed control measures in the field of TCM cultivation based on herb ratio control are discussed.At the same time,taking licorice as an example,the optimal frequency of weed control in the whole growth period of cultivated licorice is discussed.The results showed that the quality of licorice was the best and the economic benefit was the highest when weeded every 28 days.This kind of weed control measure may make the ratio of licorice and weeds reach an optimal balance value in terms of density,diversity and coverage,which will broaden the research idea of weed control in the process of imitation wild planting and adverse cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials in the future.