中国奶牛规模养殖环境效率及影响因素分析

Analysis of environmental efficiency and influencing factors of large scale dairy farming in China

深入探讨我国奶牛规模养殖环境效率及影响因素,能够有效减少养殖业环境污染与资源浪费,实现农业可持续发展。依据2011—2023年奶牛规模养殖省级层面数据,选用Super-SBM模型,从大、中、小规模3个方面出发,分析我国30个省域奶牛规模养殖环境效率、空间演化特征与影响因素。研究表明,2011—2023年我国大、中、小规模奶牛养殖环境效率整体趋势为先下降后上升。从空间维度来看,东部地区小规模奶牛养殖环境效率最高;中部、西部大规模奶牛养殖环境效率最高;东北部地区中规模奶牛养殖环境效率最高。从影响因素来看,技术投入、养殖方式、奶牛个体特征、环境规制均对奶牛规模养殖环境效率产生显著正向影响,而非生态行为对奶牛规模养殖环境效率具有显著负向作用。文章从健全养殖环境治理体系、完善饲料喂养模式、制定奶牛养殖规模差异化战略方面,提出优化中国奶牛规模养殖环境效率的建议,以期为促进奶牛养殖产业高质量发展提供有益借鉴。

Exploring the environmental efficiency and influencing factors of large-scale dairy farming can effectively reduce environmental pollution and resource waste in the breeding industry,and achieve sustainable agricultural development.The article is based on provincial-level data on large-scale dairy farming from 2011 to 2023,using the Super SBM model to analyze the environmental efficiency,spatial evolution characteristics,and influencing factors of dairy farming in 30 provinces of China from three dimensions:Large-scale,medium scale,and small-scale.The research results indicate that from 2011 to 2023,the overall trend of environmental efficiency in large-scale,medium,and smallscale dairy farming in China is to first decrease and then increase.From a spatial perspective,the efficiency of small-scale dairy farming environment in the eastern region is the highest.The environmental efficiency of large-scale dairy farming in the central and western regions is the highest.The environmental efficiency of small-scale dairy farming in the northeast region is the highest.From the perspective of influencing factors,technology investment,breeding methods,individual characteristics of cows,and environmental regulations all have a significant positive impact on the environmental efficiency of cow scale farming,while non ecological behavior has a significant negative effect on the environmental efficiency of cow scale farming.The article discusses the implementation path of improving the environmental efficiency of large-scale dairy farming in China,in order to provide useful reference for promoting the high-quality development of the dairy farming industry.